BLOOD BANK

See also: MISSISSIPPI VALLEY REGIONAL BLOOD CENTER

Blood Bank. A list of the number of regional and national organizations which collect blood for transfusions in 2017 runs into the hundreds. This is in addition to the fact that nearly every hospital has a blood bank and transfusion service. (1) In 1946 there were one hundred and the Dubuque County chapter of the American Red Cross announced it wanted to have one that would serve as a model for others. (2)

First on the list of actions to be taken was an intensified recruitment program to increase the number of donors. Beginning at the end of October, 1946 the effort would be made to contact every person in the county to explain the value and importance of the blood bank. At that time the local blood bank had not been able to supply the needs of the two local hospitals in Dubuque. It was expected that to meet those needs, thirty donations would be needed each week. Blood donor clinics were conducted at MERCY HOSPITAL every Monday and Thursday afternoon from 2:00-4:00 p.m. Registrations could be made at any time calling the Dubuque County chapter of the American Red Cross at the BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING. (3)

In October, 1949 Mother Mary Ursula, the Mother Superior and superintendent of Mercy Hospital announced the establishment of Dubuque's first blood bank. The announcement stated that the "bank" would soon be functioning with approximately fifty "flasks", each holding a pint of human blood. Volunteer donors came from the JOHN DEERE DUBUQUE WORKS with 1,213 members' blood types recorded for future blood needs.

A "reorganized" blood bank began a drive for donations on February 6, 1950. Included on the board of trustees were Richard Hasselquist, Dr. Paul Skelly and Dr. Edwin Thorsness representing the County Medical Society, Sister M. Marcellus and Sister M. Rita Mary from XAVIER HOSPITAL, Sister M. Charles and Sister M. Paula of MERCY HOSPITAL, Emil Hansen and Harvey M. LANGE of FINLEY HOSPITAL (THE), Andrew FROMMELT of the DUBUQUE TRADES AND LABOR CONGRESS, Vincent Engler of the CIO Council, and Merwin Gibson with Richard Hasselquist who were members of the Junior Chamber of Commerce representing management. (4)

Three types of policies were offered. The Industrial Group Policy was a group policy that covered a person and his family with a two percent return from the membership. The Individual Policy was for a single person or whomever was designated. The policy operated on a one unit return for each unit received. The Prenatal Policy allowed the husband to donate a unit of blood and receive credit allowing his wife as many units of blood as needed during the pregnancy. Regardless of the type of blood donated, a unit could be received. (5)

By 1954 there were 7,000 blood-typed members. These people furnished the initial supply of all types of blood for the bank which was operated by maintaining a constant balance between withdrawals and deposits.

Blood Bank officials announced in 1971 their plan to offer services to hospitals and residents of Grant and Jo Daviess counties. The Bank insisted, however, that replacements be made on a unit for unit, type for type basis. (6)

Blood obtained from the bank for patients had to be repaid with blood and could not be purchased directly from the bank for cash. The blood for replacement had to be obtained from either a family donor or from a professional donor paid by the patient as soon as any blood was withdrawn. Arrangements were made to develop sources of blood to make up withdrawals when blood was out of date or when a recipient had neither family or friends to serve as donors. While the supply was mainly for Dubuque purposes, there was a collaboration with out-of-town hospitals. If donors themselves or their relatives became patients in other cities, blood would be shipped there. The donor paid only a small service and hospital administration charge and not the additional $25 per pint used.

Donor AIDS testing began in April, 1985. In 1986 blood bank officials using Look-Back, a national computerized network that traced the destination of donated blood, could identify patients who might have received blood now testing positive for the AIDS virus. Hospitals receiving notice of the positive tests then contacted the doctors of blood recipients so that the patients could be tested for the virus. (7)

By 1991 Dubuque was part of the Red Cross Badger Regional Blood Service. Starting on October 30, 1991 centers like Dubuque's were notified when they would be temporarily closed while staff was trained in the new standardized computer system and blood testing procedures. Hospitals needing blood continued to receive all they needed from other regions. Once the staff was trained and the center reopened, additional days might be added to increase collections to supply other centers in the region also temporarily closed. (8)

Myths about the spread of AIDS, reduced company employment, and a more strict donation process caused a decrease in donations in 1994 with only half to two-thirds of the goal being met. (9)

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 1991 led to overwhelming numbers of donors coming to the Badger-Hawkeye blood center including most of eastern Iowa, Wisconsin and northern Illinois. From September 11 through September 30, not knowing if other attacks would occur, the center collected 25,000 units of blood, half from first-time donors. This compared to the 15,000 units collected during the same period in 2000. Collected blood cells have a 42-day shelf life. Due to the number of requests to donate, over 200 blood drives were canceled, the center was closed on Saturday, and about 6% of the collected blood had to be discarded. (10)

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Source:

1. "Blood Bank," Wikipedia. Online en.m.wikipedia.org

2. Ibid.

3. "Chapter Seeks to Have Model Donor System," The Telegraph-Herald, November 20, 1946, p. 15

4. "Drive Started by Blood Bank," Telegraph Herald, February 6, 1950, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19500206&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

5. Ibid.

6. "Blood-for-Blood Plan Offer," Telegraph-Herald, September 24 1971, p. 9

7. Hanson, Lyn. "Red Cross Blood Bank to Stop Taking Deposits for a Short Time," Telegraph Herald, May 20, 1991, p. 3A

8. Johnson, Patt, "Blood Bank 'Looks Back," Telegraph Herald, July 20, 1986, p. 4

9. "Blood Crisis Fears," Telegraph Herald, October 11, 1994, p. 1

10. "Red Cross Blood Banks Now Have Too Much Inventory," Telegraph Herald, November 19, 2001, p. 3

See: Robert J. WILD