WASHINGTON PARK

Washington Park with the infamous Cogswell statue

WASHINGTON PARK. Dubuque's oldest platted park and the location of the first church and the first jail in Dubuque. The site, surveyed during the summer of 1833 by G.W. Harrison, was intended for a seminary. In 1834 a Methodist meeting house built of logs was constructed in the southeast corner of the square. The building also served as a court and a schoolhouse. John Bush constructed a house on the northern side of the square in 1836. Philip Morhiser later took possession of the dwelling and lived there for two years. (1)

In 1848 the City fenced in the square, leveled the ground and prepared the site for a park. (2)

The park seems to have been attractive to potential house buyers. In 1865 Mayor Thompson purchased Lots 621-22 Bluff, opposite the park and the Herald observed that “these lots are valuable property.” Over the years, the land was suggested as a downtown mall extension or the site of a courthouse, post office, city hall, or parking lot. Wagons were occasionally parked on the grounds. The city fenced the square in 1848 and leveled the ground.

In 1872 the park had been ignored for some time. An editorial in the Dubuque Herald complained that the land should have been planted in trees and grass should already by growing. The paper went on that the park was the best place for political meetings and it was a shame it was not ready to do so. (3)

Washington Park perhaps before 1878 with a turnstile on the sidewalk. Photo courtesy: Center for Dubuque History

In late 1875 Senator William Boyd ALLISON introduced a bill asked the federal government to abandon the site in Dubuque so that it could be used for court house purposes. (4) While there was general agreement that the present courthouse needed replacement, there was little interest in taking the square for any construction. Other sites were suggested.

It was not until 1877 that the land was officially called Washington Park. Shrubbery and trees were planted, walks were laid out and flower beds planned. (5) There was even the suggestion that the park should have a fountain. (6) In May Thomas CONNOLLY pledged $100 towards the cost and Julius K. GRAVES promised to "shell out handsomely" in support of the project. (7) The race for constructing bandstands in Washington Park and JACKSON PARK was underway by mid-August. Washington Park promoters had the head start, having already raised most of the needed $200 by mid- July. The Herald challenged “downtown [Washington Square] residents” by reporting that residents around Jackson Park had completed their subscription campaign. It warned them that they would be losing open air concerts if they did not act quickly.

Architects Heer & Nascher designed the pagoda/pavilion for the park. Construction cost was to be just $200. On June 1, 1878, a petition was received by the City Council for the erection of a drinking fountain in the park. The council proposed that it would pay one-half of the cost with the other half coming from private donations. The resulting fountain was topped by a statue of Dr. Henry COGSWELL.

In 1890 Washington Park was considered for the site of the new DUBUQUE COUNTY COURTHOUSE. The site was originally reserved by the government as a government park although the city was given the use of the land for park purposes. Around 1878 the federal government passed an act authorizing Dubuque County to use the land for a court house if all the abutting property owners agreed. (8)

This rare view of Washington Park shows a view without the gazebo.

The square has been the scene of many events. In 1895 the neighborhood ladies called for street-front benches in the park side streets. The thought was that more public benches would be less attractive to the "tramps" who commandeered the benches in the middle of the park. The evening park concerts in mid-1895 were so popular that the crowd filled both the park and adjacent streets. In 1896 William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody staged a Wild West show on the grounds. President William McKinley spoke from the park's gazebo on October 16, 1899. More recently the site has seen anti-war demonstrations and the annual NATIVITY SCENE.

Ravages of nature and man often took their toll on the park. In 1894 the park grass was so parched that firemen from the 4th and Locust firehouse brought hoses to water the plants. The old pagoda was finally demolished and sold for its salvage value in 1900. The Herald welcomed the move, saying it had been “an eyesore for the past several years.” DUTCH ELM DISEASE and storms destroyed many of the trees in the 1960s.

In 1946 several councilmen led by Frank Van Duelman agreed to a proposal that the city should considered using part of Washington Park as a parking lot to relieve the congestion downtown. City Solicitor John W. KINTZINGER was to look into the legal aspects of such a plan. (9)

Restoration efforts for the gazebo began in 1974 with suggestions made by then-candidate for the Park Board Robert A. Sullivan. TELEGRAPH HERALD reporter Jim Miller later collected $1,000.00 toward restoration costs and suggested that the Dubuque JAYCEES accept the project.

The Jaycee's Washington Square Restoration Committee, headed by attorneys Randy Nigg and Russell Neuwoehner, accepted the challenge including the construction of a replica of the original gazebo and the raising of $60,000.00 for the project. In 1976 a time capsule was buried to be opened during the tricentennial activities in 2076.

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Source:

1. Oldt, Franklin T. The History of Dubuque County, Iowa. Chicago: Western Historical Company, 1880, Online: http://books.google.com/books?id=u9xDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA464&lpg=PA464&dq=Burton%27s+Furnace+%28dubuque+history%29&source=bl&ots=0CkCGLFR0v&sig=a0Ou1vN3ew6nQUYoq2aOJsXF9Mg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=j3HVT5XALaP42QXVp9iFDw&ved=0CGgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Burton%27s%20Furnace%20%28dubuque%20history%29&f=false (p. 547)

2. Ibid.

3. "An Urgent Need," Dubuque Herald, August 11, 1872, p 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18720811&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

4. "City Council," Dubuque Herald, January 19, 1876, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18760119&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

5. Oldt.

6. "Caught on the Fly," Dubuque Herald, April 17, 1877, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18770417&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

7. "The Parks," Dubuque Herald, May 5, 1877, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18770505&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

8. "The Court House Location," Dubuque Herald, June 17, 1890 (no pages given)

9. "Parking Meters Likely in Dubuque," Telegraph Herald, July 21, 1946, p. 5