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CARDINAL, Jean Marie: Difference between revisions

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CARDINAL, Jean Marie. (Unknown-St. Louis, MO, May, 1780). Cardinal was a fur trader who traveled in what became southern Illinois and Missouri. He married a Pawnee and they moved to the area of Prairie du Chien around 1750. They were the first settlers, but the French soon established a military trading post at the site in 1755. (1)
Ancestry.com--https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/66818773/person/112029678830/facts


In 1763 France lost all its lands east of the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to England as a result of the French and Indian War. The same year, Cardinal and his partner Tibot were hired as guides by Abraham Lansing and his son. In an argument, possibly over furs, Cardinal and Tibot killed the two Lansings. (2)
[[Image:cardinellwindow.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Jean Marie Cardinell window. Photo courtesy: Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revoution]]CARDINAL, Jean Marie. (Unknown--St. Louis, MO, May, 1780). Jean Marie was a hunter, trapper, trader, and miner of the lead on the west bank of the Mississippi River in present-day Dubuque County, Iowa. He traveled in what became southern Illinois and Missouri and married a Pawnee woman. To fulfill his religious obligations, he brought his Indian wife to the newly erected church in St. Louis to have his marriage blessed and to his children baptized. (1) They moved to the area of Prairie du Chien around 1750. He is believed to be the first white man to permanently reside on Iowa land by 1754. (2)


Fearing the English would punish him, Cardinal fled to Prairie du Chien and with his family crossed the Mississippi into Spanish territory. He had established himself in St. Louis by 1765. In 1776 and 1777 land grants were made out to Cardinal in the St. Charles district which covered nearly the entire present state of Iowa. Cardinal is believed to have lived in the area of Dubuque between 17763 and 1780.  [[DUBUQUE, Julien|Julien DUBUQUE]] found roads constructed and mines open when he later came to the site. One of Dubuque's laborers told of Cardinal working the mines. (3)
In 1763 France lost all of its lands east of the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to England as a result of the French and Indian War. The same year, Cardinal and his partner Tibot were hired as guides by Abraham Lansing and his son. In an argument, possibly over furs, Cardinal and Tibot killed the two Lansings. (3)


In 1780 Cardinal was one of the miners who escaped British troops led by Emmanuel Hesse who attacked the Dubuque-area mines. The British had intended to capture "rebels," turn the Native Americans in the area against the Americans, and attack Spanish settlements. (4)
Fearing the English would punish him, Cardinal fled Prairie du Chien with his family and crossed the Mississippi into Spanish territory. He established himself in St. Louis by 1765. In 1776 and 1777 land grants were made out to him in the St. Charles district which covered nearly the entire present state of Iowa. Cardinal is believed to have lived in the area of Dubuque between 1763 and 1780.  [[DUBUQUE, Julien|Julien DUBUQUE]] found roads constructed and mines open when he later came to the site. One of Dubuque's laborers told of Cardinal working the mines. (4)


The British force under the leadership of Lt. Alexander Kay moved down the Mississippi River from a fort at Prairie du Chien as part of an English strategy to capture supply points along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. In a daring escape from Dubuque by canoe down the Mississippi River, Cardinal warned the Spanish and French in St. Louis of an attack on their city by the English and their Native American allies. Cardinal's early warning allowed the inhabitants to properly prepare. Twenty-nine regular troops and 281 villagers repelled the attack of an estimated 1,500 enemy troops. (5)
In the early spring of 1780 Cardinal was one of the miners who escaped British troops under the leadership of Lt. Alexander Kay who attacked the Dubuque-area mines. (5) The British intended to capture "rebels," turn the Native Americans in the area against the Americans, and attack Spanish settlements. (6)


Cardinal was captured during the battle at St. Louis and died of wounds inflicted while trying to escape. (6)
Cardinal escaped the British attack at the Fox Village along [[CATFISH CREEK]] on May 2, 1780, raced down the river to St. Louis in time to give warning. He joined twenty-nine regular troops and 281 villagers that formed the forces of liberty that defeated the 1,500 British and Indian forces on May 26, 1780. He died from wounds suffered in that attack. (7) Jean Marie Cardinal is the only known Iowa resident to give his life to the cause of American independence. There is a memorial window to Jean Marie at St. Ambrose Cathedral in Des Moines, Iowa. (8)
 
Cardinal was buried in an unmarked grave. This area is now associated with Cardinal Spring and Cardinal Avenue near Fairground Park in St. Louis. (9)
 
On July 24, 1976 the [[JEAN MARIE CARDINAL COMMEMORATIVE CANOE VOYAGE]] was held to recreate the event.
 
[[Image:Cardinal memorial.png|left|thumb|250px|Cardinal memorial.]]On May 14, 2022 the members of the Iowa Society, [[NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]] unveiled a memorial to Cardinal. It took the form of an educational sign posted along the Riverwalk in Dubuque. Among those in attendance were members of the Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter of the [[DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]]. This group was organized November 4, 1941, under Mrs. Hazel Wheeler Whitmore, regent. There was a need at that time for a chapter that met to accommodate the working woman, so two meetings were held in the evening and two on Saturday. By 2022 Saturday was the regular meeting day.


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Source:
Source:


1. "The Story of Jean Marie Cardinal," The Des Moines Register, Sept. 17, 1934
1. "Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter History," Online: http://www.isdar.org/chapters/jeanmariecardinell/history.html


2. Ibid.
2. "The Story of Jean Marie Cardinal," ''The Des Moines Register'', Sept. 17, 1934


3. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
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4. Ibid.
4. Ibid.


5. Ibid.
5. Petersen, William J. The Palimpsest, Vol. XII, January to December, 1931, pps, 414-420
 
6. "Jean Cardinal Was the First Iowa Patriot," ''Telegraph Herald'', August 14, 1938, p. 29. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tttBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3akMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3881,5481097&dq=lock+and+dam+dubuque&hl=en
 
7. Ibid.
 
8. St. Ambrose Cathedral, Des Moines, Iowa, Online: http://www.saintambrosecathedral.org/east-side-window-2/
 
9. Schake, Lowell. '''La Charrette: A History of the Village Gateway to the American Frontier''', Lincoln, NB: Universe, 2003, p. 18


6. Ibid.


Houlette, William. '''Iowa: The Pioneer Heritage''', Des Moines: Wallace-Homestead Book Company, 1970, p. 205


"Jean Cardinal Was the First Iowa Patriot," Telegraph Herald, August 14, 1938, p. 29. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tttBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3akMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3881,5481097&dq=lock+and+dam+dubuque&hl=en


[[Category: Explorer]]
[[Category: Explorer]]
[[Category: Ancestry]]

Latest revision as of 18:50, 8 May 2022

Ancestry.com--https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/66818773/person/112029678830/facts

Jean Marie Cardinell window. Photo courtesy: Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revoution

CARDINAL, Jean Marie. (Unknown--St. Louis, MO, May, 1780). Jean Marie was a hunter, trapper, trader, and miner of the lead on the west bank of the Mississippi River in present-day Dubuque County, Iowa. He traveled in what became southern Illinois and Missouri and married a Pawnee woman. To fulfill his religious obligations, he brought his Indian wife to the newly erected church in St. Louis to have his marriage blessed and to his children baptized. (1) They moved to the area of Prairie du Chien around 1750. He is believed to be the first white man to permanently reside on Iowa land by 1754. (2)

In 1763 France lost all of its lands east of the MISSISSIPPI RIVER to England as a result of the French and Indian War. The same year, Cardinal and his partner Tibot were hired as guides by Abraham Lansing and his son. In an argument, possibly over furs, Cardinal and Tibot killed the two Lansings. (3)

Fearing the English would punish him, Cardinal fled Prairie du Chien with his family and crossed the Mississippi into Spanish territory. He established himself in St. Louis by 1765. In 1776 and 1777 land grants were made out to him in the St. Charles district which covered nearly the entire present state of Iowa. Cardinal is believed to have lived in the area of Dubuque between 1763 and 1780. Julien DUBUQUE found roads constructed and mines open when he later came to the site. One of Dubuque's laborers told of Cardinal working the mines. (4)

In the early spring of 1780 Cardinal was one of the miners who escaped British troops under the leadership of Lt. Alexander Kay who attacked the Dubuque-area mines. (5) The British intended to capture "rebels," turn the Native Americans in the area against the Americans, and attack Spanish settlements. (6)

Cardinal escaped the British attack at the Fox Village along CATFISH CREEK on May 2, 1780, raced down the river to St. Louis in time to give warning. He joined twenty-nine regular troops and 281 villagers that formed the forces of liberty that defeated the 1,500 British and Indian forces on May 26, 1780. He died from wounds suffered in that attack. (7) Jean Marie Cardinal is the only known Iowa resident to give his life to the cause of American independence. There is a memorial window to Jean Marie at St. Ambrose Cathedral in Des Moines, Iowa. (8)

Cardinal was buried in an unmarked grave. This area is now associated with Cardinal Spring and Cardinal Avenue near Fairground Park in St. Louis. (9)

On July 24, 1976 the JEAN MARIE CARDINAL COMMEMORATIVE CANOE VOYAGE was held to recreate the event.

Cardinal memorial.

On May 14, 2022 the members of the Iowa Society, NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION unveiled a memorial to Cardinal. It took the form of an educational sign posted along the Riverwalk in Dubuque. Among those in attendance were members of the Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter of the DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. This group was organized November 4, 1941, under Mrs. Hazel Wheeler Whitmore, regent. There was a need at that time for a chapter that met to accommodate the working woman, so two meetings were held in the evening and two on Saturday. By 2022 Saturday was the regular meeting day.

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Source:

1. "Jean Marie Cardinell Chapter History," Online: http://www.isdar.org/chapters/jeanmariecardinell/history.html

2. "The Story of Jean Marie Cardinal," The Des Moines Register, Sept. 17, 1934

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Petersen, William J. The Palimpsest, Vol. XII, January to December, 1931, pps, 414-420

6. "Jean Cardinal Was the First Iowa Patriot," Telegraph Herald, August 14, 1938, p. 29. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tttBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3akMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3881,5481097&dq=lock+and+dam+dubuque&hl=en

7. Ibid.

8. St. Ambrose Cathedral, Des Moines, Iowa, Online: http://www.saintambrosecathedral.org/east-side-window-2/

9. Schake, Lowell. La Charrette: A History of the Village Gateway to the American Frontier, Lincoln, NB: Universe, 2003, p. 18