SLOT MACHINES - Revision history

Randylyon at 19:36, 4 October 2021

2021-10-04T19:36:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, 4 October 2021
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	~~Being researched~~

	[[Image:is.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]SLOT MACHINES. A slot machine known as a "fruit machine" or "fruities" (British English), "puggy" (Scottish English),[1] "the slots" (Canadian English and American English), "poker machine/pokies" (Australian English and New Zealand English), or "slots" (American English), creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known as "one-armed bandits" because of the large mechanical levers attached to the sides of early mechanical machines and the games' ability to empty players' pockets and wallets as would thieves. The "slot machine" term comes from the slots on the machine for inserting and retrieving coins. "Fruit machine" comes from the traditional fruit images on the spinning reels such as lemons and cherries.		[[Image:is.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]SLOT MACHINES. A slot machine known as a "fruit machine" or "fruities" (British English), "puggy" (Scottish English),[1] "the slots" (Canadian English and American English), "poker machine/pokies" (Australian English and New Zealand English), or "slots" (American English), creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known as "one-armed bandits" because of the large mechanical levers attached to the sides of early mechanical machines and the games' ability to empty players' pockets and wallets as would thieves. The "slot machine" term comes from the slots on the machine for inserting and retrieving coins. "Fruit machine" comes from the traditional fruit images on the spinning reels such as lemons and cherries.

Randylyon at 18:03, 21 July 2021

2021-07-21T18:03:17Z

Randylyon at 17:46, 21 July 2021

2021-07-21T17:46:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 21 July 2021
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	In February, 1901 a total of sixty owners of slot machines were paying for their monthly license. (11) A grand jury in May, 1901, however, ordered the closing of slot machines and directed the city not to license their operation. This loss of licensing, in addition to licensing "houses of ill fame," cost the city $32,000 in 1902. (12) Aware, however, that owners of slot machines stood ready to resume business, the grand jury announced that any of the owners who did so would be indicted by the next grand jury. (13) Before they adjourned, some jurymen agreed to personally gather information of any machines in operation. (14) While the order was carried out in the city, no attention was paid to the county where they continued in business. In Dubuque the machines known as "trade machines" were soon opened and ran openly for chips.		In February, 1901 a total of sixty owners of slot machines were paying for their monthly license. (11) A grand jury in May, 1901, however, ordered the closing of slot machines and directed the city not to license their operation. This loss of licensing, in addition to licensing "houses of ill fame," cost the city $32,000 in 1902. (12) Aware, however, that owners of slot machines stood ready to resume business, the grand jury announced that any of the owners who did so would be indicted by the next grand jury. (13) Before they adjourned, some jurymen agreed to personally gather information of any machines in operation. (14) While the order was carried out in the city, no attention was paid to the county where they continued in business. In Dubuque the machines known as "trade machines" were soon opened and ran openly for chips.

	In February, 1902 the ~~[[KNIGHTS OF FIDELITY]]~~ issued a declaration to be observed by all members.		In February, 1902 the Knights of Fidelity, the liquor distributors association, issued a declaration to be observed by all members.

	All persons keeping, letting or using in saloons slot machines or		All persons keeping, letting or using in saloons slot machines or

Randylyon at 20:56, 20 July 2021

2021-07-20T20:56:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:56, 20 July 2021
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	33. Rood, Lee, "Iowa Slots Some of the Tightest in the Nation," ''Des Moines Register''. December 10, 2015, Online: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2015/12/10/iowa-casinos-slots-some-tightest-nation-study-released/76988428/		33. Rood, Lee, "Iowa Slots Some of the Tightest in the Nation," ''Des Moines Register''. December 10, 2015, Online: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2015/12/10/iowa-casinos-slots-some-tightest-nation-study-released/76988428/

	[[Category: ~~Industries~~]]		[[Category: Industry]]
	[[Category: Gambling]]		[[Category: Gambling]]

Randylyon at 20:56, 20 July 2021

2021-07-20T20:56:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:56, 20 July 2021
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	...For a national which can stand fearlessly before slot machines will		...For a national which can stand fearlessly before slot machines will
	never wither before the Stuka or Blitzkrieg of Hitler and his minions...		never wither before the Stuka or Blitzkrieg of Hitler and his minions...

			In July, 1947 the Iowa Legislature enacted a sales tax, but failed to include gambling devices. Attorney General Robert L. Larson ordered county attorneys and sheriffs, therefore to continue enforcing the state's gambling laws and confiscate slot machines. Reacting to what it saw as a loss of potential revenue, the legislature returned in the fall and extended the levy to include slot machines, pinball machines, juke boxes, billiard parlors and fortune tellers. By January, 1948 state officials were confident the state was collecting "a lot of money" although the exact figures were unknown. Merchants paid a flat two percent on their gross receipts. The state tax commission took no action against a merchant unless it had reason to believe the merchant was failing to accurate report his/her income. The issue of the federal tax had been resolved by this time with the tax being lowered to $100. (32)

	Slot machines made recurring appearances in Dubuque in the following years. In 1942 four police officers headed by Chief of Police Joe Strub raided [[SERVICE CLUB (THE)]] and seized five slot machines along with poker chips, playing cards and horse race betting sheets. (32) Far distant were the days in Dubuque where moral collapse was envisioned on those who played "the machines." As the editorial writer stated:





			In 2015 Iowa casinos have some of the tightest slot machines in the country, holding back one-third more money than they did a decade ago, a recent study showed. A slot machine "hold percentage" is the amount a casino can anticipate earning from a machine over the long run. The study of data from 16 states found Iowa casinos had an average slot hold of 9.37 percent in 2014 — far more than the average 6.4 percent hold in Nevada, the smallest hold in the study. The machines had software that monitored what money came in and how much came out. The machines were tested before they are put on the casino floor and monitored by the Racing and Gaming Commission. Individual casino managers decided what the average hold should be, and that could range from 0 to 20 percent. (33)
	Iowa casinos have some of the tightest slot machines in the country, holding back one-third more money than they did a decade ago, a recent study ~~shows~~. A slot machine hold percentage is the amount a casino can anticipate earning from a machine over the long run. The study of data from 16 states found Iowa casinos had an average slot hold of 9.37 percent in 2014 — far more than the average 6.4 percent hold in Nevada, the smallest hold in the study. The machines ~~have~~ software that ~~monitors~~ what money ~~goes~~ in and out. The machines ~~are~~ tested before they are put on the casino floor and monitored by the Racing and Gaming Commission. Individual casino managers ~~decide~~ what the average hold should be, and that ~~can~~ range from 0 to 20 percent. (11)

	FACILITY AND PAYBACK PERCENTAGE AT IOWA CASINOS		FACILITY AND PAYBACK PERCENTAGE AT IOWA CASINOS
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	31. "Slot Machine Cases Ended," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', February 25, 1907, p. 1		31. "Slot Machine Cases Ended," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', February 25, 1907, p. 1

	~~32.~~		32. "Slot Machine Tax Brings in Lot of Money," ''Telegraph-Herald'', January 1, 1948, p. 1

	32. "~~Service Club is Raided Here~~," ''~~The~~ Telegraph-Herald'', ~~August 10~~, ~~1942~~, p. 1







			33. Rood, Lee, "Iowa Slots Some of the Tightest in the Nation," ''Des Moines Register''. December 10, 2015, Online: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2015/12/10/iowa-casinos-slots-some-tightest-nation-study-released/76988428/

	~~11. Rood, Lee, "Iowa Slots Some of the Tightest in the Nation," ''Des Moines Register''. December 10, 2015, Online~~: ~~https~~:~~//www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/investigations/readers-watchdog/2015/12/10/iowa-casinos-slots-some-tightest-nation-study-released/76988428/~~		[[Category: Industries]]
			[[Category: Gambling]]

Randylyon at 20:32, 20 July 2021

2021-07-20T20:32:56Z

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	According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (23) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (24)		According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (23) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (24)

	In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"What er comes, we are ready for it." (25) In November, authorities began publicizing the names of those who were indicted. (26)		In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"What ever comes, we are ready for it." (25) In November, authorities began publicizing the names of those who were indicted. (26) In November, 1905 another grand jury was expected to hand down 100 indictments. (27)

	On January 26, 1906 Mayor Berg, claiming to be tired of the criticism made of his policy, declared the police department would begin seizing machines. He pointed out that the grand jury had returned more than 150 indictments against slot machine owners. Seventeen cases had been continued with the new grand jury passing over them without returning any indictments. He indicted that about twenty-five machines had reappeared and were in operation. There would be no favoritism shown nor "licensing." (27)		On January 26, 1906 Mayor Berg, claiming to be tired of the criticism made of his policy, declared the police department would begin seizing machines. He pointed out that the grand jury had returned more than 150 indictments against slot machine owners. Seventeen cases had been continued with the new grand jury passing over them without returning any indictments. He indicted that about twenty-five machines had reappeared and were in operation. There would be no favoritism shown nor "licensing." (28)

	The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (28) In May, 1905 ~~Mayor Schunk,~~ following reports of slot machines in operation, ordered the known operators to ship the equipment out of the city. (29)		The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (29) In May, 1905 following reports of slot machines in operation, Mayor Schrunk ordered the known operators to ship the equipment out of the city. (30)

	In February, 1907 Judge Bonson took action in the long-delayed criminal charges brought against slot machine owners in 1906. The October Grand Jury of that year indicted ninety-one businesses for maintaining and operating slot machines. Six of those indicted plead guilty on one charge and were fined $50 and court costs. Two cases were tried with the jury being unable to convict. The rest of the cases were continued. On February 25, 1907 Judge Bonson agreed to dismiss the actions if the court costs of $20.30 each were paid or they could proceed to trial. The judge explained that in cases across the state it had been difficult obtaining testimony fro witnesses regarding the operation of the machines. It was also brought to the attention of the court that at the time they were indicted, the owners were paying a license fee into the city treasury. Bonson also found that one member of the grand jury had been a judge at the preceding election. This should be disqualified him from acting as a grand juror.		In February, 1907 Judge Bonson took action in the long-delayed criminal charges brought against slot machine owners in 1906. The October Grand Jury of that year indicted ninety-one businesses for maintaining and operating slot machines. Six of those indicted plead guilty on one charge and were fined $50 and court costs. Two cases were tried with the jury being unable to convict. The rest of the cases were continued. On February 25, 1907 Judge Bonson agreed to dismiss the actions if the court costs of $20.30 each were paid or they could proceed to trial. The judge explained that in cases across the state it had been difficult obtaining testimony fro witnesses regarding the operation of the machines. It was also brought to the attention of the court that at the time they were indicted, the owners were paying a license fee into the city treasury. Bonson also found that one member of the grand jury had been a judge at the preceding election. This should be disqualified him from acting as a grand juror.

	Judge Bonson gave the indicted business owners that day to pay the court costs or face trial. He added that he would not ask that the gambling devices be removed or demand it, "but I will be here for four years and I will instruct my grand jury to investigate these facts and this is the dead line. If you cross it you do so at your own peril. You need not expect clemency or leniency from me." (30)		Judge Bonson gave the indicted business owners that day to pay the court costs or face trial. He added that he would not ask that the gambling devices be removed or demand it, "but I will be here for four years and I will instruct my grand jury to investigate these facts and this is the dead line. If you cross it you do so at your own peril. You need not expect clemency or leniency from me." (31)

			The indecision about slot machines continued through 1941 when an syndicated editorial appeared in the "Telegraph-Herald.'' On the brink of [[WORLD WAR II]] the United States Senate was debating whether a federal tax on slot machines should be reduced from $200 to $50 annually.

			...For a national which can stand fearlessly before slot machines will
			never wither before the Stuka or Blitzkrieg of Hitler and his minions...

			Slot machines made recurring appearances in Dubuque in the following years. In 1942 four police officers headed by Chief of Police Joe Strub raided [[SERVICE CLUB (THE)]] and seized five slot machines along with poker chips, playing cards and horse race betting sheets. (32) Far distant were the days in Dubuque where moral collapse was envisioned on those who played "the machines." As the editorial writer stated:





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	26. "Mayor Makes No Denial," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' November 27, 1905, p. 3		26. "Mayor Makes No Denial," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' November 27, 1905, p. 3

	27. "~~Make Known Who Were Indicted~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 23, 1905, p 3		27. "100 Indictments Are Scheduled," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 12, 1905, p. 7

	28. "~~Will Drive Out Slot Machines~~," "Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,~~" January 26~~, ~~1906~~, p. 3		28. "Make Known Who Were Indicted," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 23, 1905, p 3

	29. "~~Petition Goes to Committee~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', ~~February 16~~, 1906, p. 5		29. "Will Drive Out Slot Machines," "Dubuque Telegraph-Herald," January 26, 1906, p. 3

	30. "~~Places A Ban on Slot Machines~~," ~~"The~~ Telegraph-Herald", ~~May 24~~, 1906, p. 12		30. "Petition Goes to Committee," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, 1906, p. 5

	31. "Slot Machine Cases Ended," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', February 25, 1907, p. 1		31. "Slot Machine Cases Ended," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', February 25, 1907, p. 1

			32.

			32. "Service Club is Raided Here," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', August 10, 1942, p. 1

Randylyon at 01:52, 19 July 2021

2021-07-19T01:52:07Z

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Randylyon at 01:32, 19 July 2021

2021-07-19T01:32:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 19 July 2021
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	By June, 1902 Police Chief Morgan had given orders to the police to seize all machines found in operation. A raid on June 6th had resulted in five nickel slot machines being seized. Evidence indicated that others had been removed by the business owners and hidden. (17) Mayor Berg was not willing to easily return the machines. Despite the grand jury being unable to find indictments against any of seven slot machine owners, he refused in November, 1902 to return them without pursuing the individual cases in court. (18)		By June, 1902 Police Chief Morgan had given orders to the police to seize all machines found in operation. A raid on June 6th had resulted in five nickel slot machines being seized. Evidence indicated that others had been removed by the business owners and hidden. (17) Mayor Berg was not willing to easily return the machines. Despite the grand jury being unable to find indictments against any of seven slot machine owners, he refused in November, 1902 to return them without pursuing the individual cases in court. (18)

	In 1903 ~~candy~~ machines placed on the sidewalks were threatened with removal unless they paid for a license. (19) Not unlike a virus, various of the traditional coin-operated slot machine developed. In January, 1903 police began looking for "check machines." These were identical to slot machines, but used checks instead of coins. Checks were sold for five cents and cashed at the same value. (20)		On January 1, 1903 when it was estimated that there were no less than one hundred cigar machines in the city, the announcement was made that the police department would begin a "crusade" against all kinds of slot machines. (19) Candy machines placed on the sidewalks were threatened with removal unless they paid for a license. (20) Not unlike a virus, various of the traditional coin-operated slot machine developed. In January, 1903 police began looking for "check machines." These were identical to slot machines, but used checks instead of coins. Checks were sold for five cents and cashed at the same value. (21)

	By 1904 the further involvement of the grand jury and the increased use of police time to find and confiscate slot machines had soured Mayor Berg. The mayor claimed that the grand jury had taken the issue out of the hands of locally elected officials. The "check machines" had proven too slow for the business operators so they had simply returned to coins in the machines which had been brought out of hiding. The grand jury had found the business owners could not be compelled to pay a fine or license. Berg remarked that neither the city or county was deriving any income and that he had received no complaints despite the machines giving the player a one-in-six chance to win. (21)		By 1904 the further involvement of the grand jury and the increased use of police time to find and confiscate slot machines had soured Mayor Berg. The mayor claimed that the grand jury had taken the issue out of the hands of locally elected officials. The "check machines" had proven too slow for the business operators so they had simply returned to coins in the machines which had been brought out of hiding. The grand jury had found the business owners could not be compelled to pay a fine or license. Berg remarked that neither the city or county was deriving any income and that he had received no complaints despite the machines giving the player a one-in-six chance to win. (22)

	Police officials issued a schedule of licenses for slot machines to begin June 1, 1905. The schedule read:		Police officials issued a schedule of licenses for slot machines to begin June 1, 1905. The schedule read:
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	Marble machines---------------$ 1.50		Marble machines---------------$ 1.50

	According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (22) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (23)		According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (23) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (24)

	In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"~~Whate~~ er comes, we are ready for it." (24)		In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"What er comes, we are ready for it." (25) In November, authorities began publicizing the names of those who were indicted. (26)

	On January 26, 1906 Mayor Berg, claiming to be tired of the criticism made of his policy, declared the police department would begin seizing machines. He pointed out that the grand jury had returned more than 150 indictments against slot machine owners. Seventeen cases had been continued with the new grand jury passing over them without returning any indictments. He indicted that about twenty-five machines had reappeared and were in operation. There would be no favoritism shown nor "licensing." (25		On January 26, 1906 Mayor Berg, claiming to be tired of the criticism made of his policy, declared the police department would begin seizing machines. He pointed out that the grand jury had returned more than 150 indictments against slot machine owners. Seventeen cases had been continued with the new grand jury passing over them without returning any indictments. He indicted that about twenty-five machines had reappeared and were in operation. There would be no favoritism shown nor "licensing." (27)

			The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (28) In May, 1905 Mayor Schunk, following reports of slot machines in operation, ordered the known operators to ship the equipment out of the city. (29)

			In February, 1907 Judge Bonson took action in the long-delayed criminal charges brought against slot machine owners in 1906. The October Grand Jury of that year indicted ninety-one businesses for maintaining and operating slot machines. Six of those indicted plead guilty on one charge and were fined $50 and court costs. Two cases were tried with the jury being unable to convict. The rest of the cases were continued. On February 25, 1907 Judge Bonson agreed to dismiss the actions if the court costs of $20.30 each were paid or they could proceed to trial. The judge explained that in cases across the state it had been difficult obtaining testimony fro witnesses regarding the operation of the machines. It was also brought to the attention of the court that at the time they were indicted, the owners were paying a license fee into the city treasury. Bonson also found that one member of the grand jury had been a judge at the preceding election. This should be disqualified him from acting as a grand juror.

			Judge Bonson gave the indicted business owners that day to pay the court costs or face trial. He added that he would not ask that the gambling devices be removed or demand it, "but I will be here for four years and I will instruct my grand jury to investigate these facts and this is the dead line. If you cross it you do so at your own peril. You need not expect clemency or leniency from me." (30)

	The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (26)


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	18. "About Slot Machines," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 1, 1902, p. 3		18. "About Slot Machines," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 1, 1902, p. 3

	19. "Candy Machine Must Go," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', January 29, 1903, p. 2		19. "A Sweeping Order," "Dubuque Telegraph-Herald", January 8, 1903, p. 2

			20. "Candy Machine Must Go," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', January 29, 1903, p. 2

			21. "Stop Easy Graft," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' January 2, 1903 p. 4

			22. "Slot Machines Are Becoming Numerous," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 4, 1904, p. 3

			23. "City Licenses Slot Machines," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, June 2, 1905, p. 5

	20. "~~Stop Easy Graft~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' ~~January 2~~, ~~1903~~ p. 4		24. "Jess Attacks Grand Jury," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 28, 1905, p. 3

	21. "~~Slot Machines Are Becoming Numerous~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 4, ~~1904~~, p. 3		25. "Mayor Makes No Denial," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' November 27, 1905, p. 3

	22. "~~City Licenses Slot Machines~~," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, ~~June 2~~, 1905, p~~. 5~~		26. "Make Known Who Were Indicted," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 23, 1905, p 3

	23. "~~Jess Attacks Grand Jury~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', ~~November 28~~, ~~1905~~, p. 3		27. "Will Drive Out Slot Machines," "Dubuque Telegraph-Herald," January 26, 1906, p. 3

	24. "~~Mayor Makes No Denial~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' ~~November 27~~, ~~1905~~, p. 3		28. "Petition Goes to Committee," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, 1906, p. 5

	25. "~~Will Drive Out~~ Slot Machines," "~~Dubuque~~ Telegraph-Herald,~~" January 26~~, 1906, p. 3		29. "Places A Ban on Slot Machines," "The Telegraph-Herald", May 24, 1906, p. 12

	26. "~~Petition Goes to Committee~~," ''~~Dubuque~~ Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, ~~1906~~, p. 5		30. "Slot Machine Cases Ended," ''The Telegraph-Herald'', February 25, 1907, p. 1

Randylyon at 18:50, 18 July 2021

2021-07-18T18:50:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 18 July 2021
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	prosecution and punishment therefor. (15)		prosecution and punishment therefor. (15)

	~~By June~~, ~~1902 Police Chief Morgan had given orders~~ to the ~~police to seize all machines found in operation~~. ~~A raid on June 6th had resulted in five nickel slot machines being seized~~. ~~Evidence indicated that others had been removed by~~ the ~~business owners and hidden~~. ~~(16) Mayor Berg was not willing~~ to ~~easily return the machines~~. ~~Despite~~ the ~~grand jury being unable to find indictments against any of seven~~ slot machine ~~owners, he refused in November, 1902~~ to ~~return them without pursuing~~ the ~~individual cases in court~~. (17)		On May 4, 1901 the district grand jury officially noticied of machines to remove them from their businesses or suffer indictment when the jury reconvenes on May 27th. "The jury has done what the city administration would not do....remove a strong temptation out of the young man's path...to save him from becoming a moral wreck." The profits on a nickel-in-the-slot machine ranged from $100 to $500 monthly with the former number realized only when the machine was played only a few hours. " (16)

	~~In 1903 candy~~ machines ~~placed~~ on the ~~sidewalks were threatened with removal unless they paid for a license~~. (18) ~~Not unlike a virus, various of~~ the ~~traditional coin-operated slot machine developed. In January, 1903 police began looking for "check~~ machines.~~" These were identical~~ to slot ~~machines~~, ~~but used checks instead of coins. Checks were sold for five cents and cashed at~~ the ~~same value~~. (19)		By June, 1902 Police Chief Morgan had given orders to the police to seize all machines found in operation. A raid on June 6th had resulted in five nickel slot machines being seized. Evidence indicated that others had been removed by the business owners and hidden. (17) Mayor Berg was not willing to easily return the machines. Despite the grand jury being unable to find indictments against any of seven slot machine owners, he refused in November, 1902 to return them without pursuing the individual cases in court. (18)

	By 1904 the further involvement of the grand jury and the increased use of police time to find and confiscate slot machines had soured Mayor Berg. The mayor claimed that the grand jury had taken the issue out of the hands of locally elected officials. The "check machines" had proven too slow for the business operators so they had simply returned to coins in the machines which had been brought out of hiding. The grand jury had found the business owners could not be compelled to pay a fine or license. Berg remarked that neither the city or county was deriving any income and that he had received no complaints despite the machines giving the player a one-in-six chance to win. (20)		In 1903 candy machines placed on the sidewalks were threatened with removal unless they paid for a license. (19) Not unlike a virus, various of the traditional coin-operated slot machine developed. In January, 1903 police began looking for "check machines." These were identical to slot machines, but used checks instead of coins. Checks were sold for five cents and cashed at the same value. (20)

			By 1904 the further involvement of the grand jury and the increased use of police time to find and confiscate slot machines had soured Mayor Berg. The mayor claimed that the grand jury had taken the issue out of the hands of locally elected officials. The "check machines" had proven too slow for the business operators so they had simply returned to coins in the machines which had been brought out of hiding. The grand jury had found the business owners could not be compelled to pay a fine or license. Berg remarked that neither the city or county was deriving any income and that he had received no complaints despite the machines giving the player a one-in-six chance to win. (21)

	Police officials issued a schedule of licenses for slot machines to begin June 1, 1905. The schedule read:		Police officials issued a schedule of licenses for slot machines to begin June 1, 1905. The schedule read:
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	Marble machines---------------$ 1.50		Marble machines---------------$ 1.50

	According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (21) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (22)		According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (22) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (23)

			In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"Whate er comes, we are ready for it." (24)

	~~In October~~, ~~1905~~ Mayor Berg ~~remarked that he had nothing~~ to ~~hide. He cited~~ the ~~1901 grand jury~~ of ~~1901 ordering~~ the ~~closing down of all slot~~ machines. ~~According to Berg, the order was carried~~ out ~~in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on~~ the machine owners. ~~As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once~~ the ~~county learned of the city's action, another~~ grand jury ~~was called~~. ~~Police officers~~ were ~~called to testify~~. ~~Berg concluded,~~"~~Whate er comes, we are ready for it~~." (~~23)~~		On January 26, 1906 Mayor Berg, claiming to be tired of the criticism made of his policy, declared the police department would begin seizing machines. He pointed out that the grand jury had returned more than 150 indictments against slot machine owners. Seventeen cases had been continued with the new grand jury passing over them without returning any indictments. He indicted that about twenty-five machines had reappeared and were in operation. There would be no favoritism shown nor "licensing." (25

	The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (24)		The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (26)


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	15. "Knights of Fidelity Resolutions," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 2, 1902, p 8		15. "Knights of Fidelity Resolutions," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 2, 1902, p 8

	16. "Raid on Machines," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', June 7, 1902, p. 3		16. "Slot Machines Banished," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, May 9, 1901, p. 4

			17. "Raid on Machines," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', June 7, 1902, p. 3

			18. "About Slot Machines," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 1, 1902, p. 3

	17. "~~About Slot Machines~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', ~~November 1~~, ~~1902~~, p. 3		19. "Candy Machine Must Go," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', January 29, 1903, p. 2

	18. "~~Candy Machine Must Go~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', January 29, 1903, p. 2		20. "Stop Easy Graft," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' January 2, 1903 p. 4

	19. "~~Stop Easy Graft~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' ~~January 2~~, ~~1903~~ p. 4		21. "Slot Machines Are Becoming Numerous," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 4, 1904, p. 3

	20. "Slot Machines ~~Are Becoming Numerous~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', ~~November 4~~, ~~1904~~, p. 3		22. "City Licenses Slot Machines," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, June 2, 1905, p. 5

	21. "~~City Licenses Slot Machines~~," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, ~~June 2~~, 1905, p. 5		23. "Jess Attacks Grand Jury," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 28, 1905, p. 3

	22. "~~Jess Attacks Grand Jury~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 28, 1905, p. 3		24. "Mayor Makes No Denial," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' November 27, 1905, p. 3

	23. "~~Mayor Makes No Denial~~," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,~~'' November 27~~, ~~1905~~, p. 3		25. "Will Drive Out Slot Machines," "Dubuque Telegraph-Herald," January 26, 1906, p. 3

	24. "Petition Goes to Committee," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, 1906, p. 5		26. "Petition Goes to Committee," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, 1906, p. 5

Randylyon at 04:00, 18 July 2021

2021-07-18T04:00:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:00, 18 July 2021
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	Being researched		Being researched

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	Slot machines were not originally associated with gambling. In 1891 the ''Boston Traveler'' reported that slot machines were being used to dispense candy. (2) In 1891 the ''Dubuque Daily Herald'' reported that there were an estimated 12,000 nickel-in-the-slot machines in use across the country. English postal authorities had altered the machine for the sale of postage stamps. Beating the nickel-in-the slot phonographs found two people dropping in one nickel and then each holding a tube to his ear. (3) The ''Dubuque Daily Telegraph'' editorial writer reported that hardly "a railway station or place of popular resort" was not furnished with one or more of the latest products of mechanical genius offering various wares in exchange for a trifling fee." The writer continued that "certainly the low-working expenses incurred should conduce to render them a food investment for their proprietors." (4)		Slot machines were not originally associated with gambling. In 1891 the ''Boston Traveler'' reported that slot machines were being used to dispense candy. (2) In 1891 the ''Dubuque Daily Herald'' reported that there were an estimated 12,000 nickel-in-the-slot machines in use across the country. English postal authorities had altered the machine for the sale of postage stamps. Beating the nickel-in-the slot phonographs found two people dropping in one nickel and then each holding a tube to his ear. (3) The ''Dubuque Daily Telegraph'' editorial writer reported that hardly "a railway station or place of popular resort" was not furnished with one or more of the latest products of mechanical genius offering various wares in exchange for a trifling fee." The writer continued that "certainly the low-working expenses incurred should conduce to render them a food investment for their proprietors." (4)

	Glowing forecasts did not lessened attempts as early as 1900 to rig the machines. A Dubuque resident was arrested for boring a hole in a slot machine, inserting a needle, and stopping the dial wherever he desired. (5) It was later noted that some men were seen in Dubuque standing a long time feeding nickels into machines which "sold cigars." While there were no reports as of July of problems in Dubuque, Chicago leaders were hearing similar stories ~~and it~~ was alleged that some of the slot machines were "geared up" to yield a return for the owner of as much as 500%. (6) Licenses on sixty-two slot machines were paid in June at $20 per machine. This generated a monthly income of $1,320. ($1 in 1900 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $33.32 in 2022, an increase of $32.32 over 122 years. https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1900?endYear=2022&amount=1&future_pct=0.03)		Glowing forecasts did not lessened attempts as early as 1900 to rig the machines. A Dubuque resident was arrested for boring a hole in a slot machine, inserting a needle, and stopping the dial wherever he desired. (5) It was later noted that some men were seen in Dubuque standing a long time feeding nickels into machines which "sold cigars." While there were no reports as of July of problems in Dubuque, Chicago leaders were hearing similar stories. Tt was alleged that some of the slot machines were "geared up" to yield a return for the owner of as much as 500%. (6)

	In May 1900 municipal authorities decided to enforce a law providing that only those holding certificates from the state board of health could be midwives. The newspaper commented that "these same gentlemen have made laws against slot machines, gambling...and other iniquities. The laws against the men may not be enforced, but the women generally have to toe the mark. (7) The writer undoubtedly referred to the varying number of slot machine owners who had paid "fines." In August, 1900 seventy owners had paid while in September the number had fallen to thirty-four. (8) ~~The Berg administration, rather than enforce~~ the grand jury ~~ruling against~~ slot machines, ~~chose~~ to ~~"fine" operators~~. ~~Those who did not pay their "fine" risked having their machine confiscated. (9)~~		The Berg administration, rather than enforce a grand jury ruling against slot machines, chose to "fine" operators. Those who did not pay their "fine" risked having their machine confiscated. (9) So-called Licenses on sixty-two slot machines were paid in June at $20 per machine. This generated '''a monthly income''' of $1,320--the equivalent of $42,662.40 in 1922. ($1 in 1900 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $33.32 in 2022, an increase of $32.32 over 122 years. https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1900?endYear=2022&amount=1&future_pct=0.03)

			In May 1900 municipal authorities decided to enforce a law providing that only those holding certificates from the state board of health could be midwives. The newspaper commented that "these same gentlemen have made laws against slot machines, gambling...and other iniquities. The laws against the men may not be enforced, but the women generally have to toe the mark. (7) The writer undoubtedly referred to the varying number of slot machine owners who had paid "fines." In August, 1900 seventy owners had paid while in September the number had fallen to thirty-four. (8) At the end of the term of the grand jury, forty-two operators of slot machines were indicted. Several plead guilty and paid fines. Two stood trial and the jury in each case disagreed. The other cases had not been brought to trial by January, 1901. Operators were encouraged by the court's failure to prosecute or win convictions.

	The municipal election of 1900 brought the slot machine issue into the political realm. The Democrats led by former Mayor [[SAUNDERS, Charles J. W.\|Charles J. W. SAUNDERS]] campaigned against licensing slot machines done by the Citizen's (Republican) administration led by Mayor (BERG, Christopher\|Christopher BERG]]. The Citizen's Party responded by saying that the marshal the Democrats renominated had power under the ordinance to suppress slot machines and did not. (10) Berg won the election.		The municipal election of 1900 brought the slot machine issue into the political realm. The Democrats led by former Mayor [[SAUNDERS, Charles J. W.\|Charles J. W. SAUNDERS]] campaigned against licensing slot machines done by the Citizen's (Republican) administration led by Mayor (BERG, Christopher\|Christopher BERG]]. The Citizen's Party responded by saying that the marshal the Democrats renominated had power under the ordinance to suppress slot machines and did not. (10) Berg won the election.

	In February, 1901 a total of sixty owners of slot machines were paying for their monthly license. (11) A grand jury in May, 1901 ordered the closing of slot machines and directed the city not to license their operation. This licensing, in addition licensing "houses of ill fame" cost the city $32,000 in 1902. (12) Aware, however, that owners of slot machines stood ready to resume business, the grand jury announced that any of the owners who did so would be indicted by the next grand jury. (13) Before they adjourned, some jurymen agreed to personally gather information of any machines in operation. (14) While the order was carried out in the city, no attention was paid to the county where they continued in business. In Dubuque the machines known as "trade machines" were ~~again~~ opened and ran openly for chips.		In February, 1901 a total of sixty owners of slot machines were paying for their monthly license. (11) A grand jury in May, 1901, however, ordered the closing of slot machines and directed the city not to license their operation. This loss of licensing, in addition to licensing "houses of ill fame," cost the city $32,000 in 1902. (12) Aware, however, that owners of slot machines stood ready to resume business, the grand jury announced that any of the owners who did so would be indicted by the next grand jury. (13) Before they adjourned, some jurymen agreed to personally gather information of any machines in operation. (14) While the order was carried out in the city, no attention was paid to the county where they continued in business. In Dubuque the machines known as "trade machines" were soon opened and ran openly for chips.

	In February, 1902 the [[KNIGHTS OF FIDELITY]] issued a declaration to be observed by all members.		In February, 1902 the [[KNIGHTS OF FIDELITY]] issued a declaration to be observed by all members.
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	According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (21) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (22)		According to police officers who observed businesses, there were ninety machines in operation. Owners who refused to pay their licenses had their machines confiscated. (21) The minimum fine for operating a slot machine in 1905 was fifty dollars with an additional seven dollars for court costs. (22)

			In October, 1905 Mayor Berg remarked that he had nothing to hide. He cited the 1901 grand jury of 1901 ordering the closing down of all slot machines. According to Berg, the order was carried out in the city, but ignored in the county. Faced with the situation, Berg claimed the city then decided to levy a fine on the machine owners. As a result, $4,800 was collected. Once the county learned of the city's action, another grand jury was called. Police officers were called to testify. Berg concluded,"Whate er comes, we are ready for it." (23)

			The fines and "licenses" charged to the the saloonkeepers led in February, 1906 to a petition read to the city council for a return of the machines and the money paid to the city. The claim was that the city had no legal right to collect the money. The reading of the petition was immediately followed by resolution written by Alderman Needham, then an independent candidate for mayor. (24)


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	21. "City Licenses Slot Machines," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, June 2, 1905, p. 5		21. "City Licenses Slot Machines," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, June 2, 1905, p. 5

	22. "Jess Attacks Grand Jury," Dubuque Telegraph-Herald, November 28, 1905, p. 3		22. "Jess Attacks Grand Jury," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', November 28, 1905, p. 3

			23. "Mayor Makes No Denial," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald,'' November 27, 1905, p. 3

			24. "Petition Goes to Committee," ''Dubuque Telegraph-Herald'', February 16, 1906, p. 5