PAULSEN, Louis - Revision history

Randylyon at 01:48, 8 June 2018

2018-06-08T01:48:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:48, 8 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and, with his brother, the operation of a cigar store, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he invented the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and, with his brother, the operation of a cigar store, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he invented the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son when the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. He had his brother operated a tobacco store ~~along~~ Clay ~~Street (later Central Avenue)~~. (6)		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son when the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. He had his brother operated a tobacco store located at No. 7 between Clay and White [[STREETS]]. (6)

	At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (7) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (8) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (9)		At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (7) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (8) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (9)
Line 9:		Line 9:
	In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (12) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (13)		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (12) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (13)

	Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the ~~Dubuque Chess Club~~ to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (14) In 1860 chess players in Dubuque began raising $500 to entice Paul Morphy to come to Dubuque and attempt to beat Paulsen. (15)		Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the [[DUBUQUE CHESS CLUB]] which he founded in 1858, to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (14) In 1860 chess players in Dubuque began raising $500 to entice Paul Morphy to come to Dubuque and attempt to beat Paulsen. (15)

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (16)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (16)
Line 37:		Line 37:
	5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858		5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	6. ~~Frenzl~~, ~~Anthony~~. "Chess ~~Wiz Called Dubuque Home~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~June 7~~, ~~2018~~, p. 1		6. Day, Robert. "Dubuque's Chess Whiz, the Glory That Was His," ''Telegraph-Herald'', August 18, 1972, p. 4

	7. Wikipedia. "François-André Danican Philidor", p. 3		7. Wikipedia. "François-André Danican Philidor", p. 3

Randylyon at 01:35, 8 June 2018

2018-06-08T01:35:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:35, 8 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and, with his brother, the operation of a cigar store, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he invented the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and, with his brother, the operation of a cigar store, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he invented the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son when the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son when the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. He had his brother operated a tobacco store along Clay Street (later Central Avenue). (6)

	At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)		At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (7) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (8) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (9)

	Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (9) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (10)		Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (10) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (11)

	In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (12) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (13)

	Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13) In 1860 chess players in Dubuque began raising $500 to entice Paul Morphy to come to Dubuque and attempt to beat Paulsen. (14)		Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (14) In 1860 chess players in Dubuque began raising $500 to entice Paul Morphy to come to Dubuque and attempt to beat Paulsen. (15)

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (15)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (16)

	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion. In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (16)		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion. In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (17)

	Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (17) Paulsen wrote no books and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (18)		Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (18) Paulsen wrote no books and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (189)

	Chessmetrics Player Profile: (19)		Chessmetrics Player Profile: (20)
	Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)		Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)
	Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m		Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m
Line 37:		Line 37:
	5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858		5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	6. ~~Wikipedia~~. "~~François-André Danican Philidor~~", p. 3		6. Frenzl, Anthony. "Chess Wiz Called Dubuque Home," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 7, 2018, p. 1

	7. ~~Der National Demokrat~~, ~~May 17, 1858~~		7. Wikipedia. "François-André Danican Philidor", p. 3

	8. ~~Spraggett on Chess. "Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory~~,~~" Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening.html~~, ~~p. 3~~		8. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	9. ~~The First American~~ Chess ~~Congress of 1857~~. "The ~~Life and Chess~~ of ~~Paul Morphy~~," Online-http://~~www~~.~~edochess~~.ca/~~batgirl~~/~~morphybio4~~.html, p. 1		9. Spraggett on Chess. "Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory," Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening.html, p. 3

	10. "~~Louis Paulsen~~," ~~''New York Times''.~~ Online--http://~~query~~.~~nytimes~~.~~com~~/~~mem~~/~~archive-free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3~~		10. The First American Chess Congress of 1857. "The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy," Online-http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/morphybio4.html, p. 1

	11. ~~Spraggett on Chess~~. p. 4		11. "Louis Paulsen," ''New York Times''. Online--http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3

	12. ~~Spragget~~ on Chess. p. 4		12. Spraggett on Chess. p. 4

	13. ~~"Mr~~. ~~Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858~~		13. Spragget on Chess. p. 4

	14. "~~Chess~~," ~~''Dubuque Herald''~~, ~~January 15~~, ~~1860, p 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18600115&printsec=frontpage&hl=en~~		14. "Mr. Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858

	15. ~~Chessgames~~.~~com~~.~~, p~~. 2		15. "Chess," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 15, 1860, p 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18600115&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	16. ~~Wikipedia~~. ~~"Louis Paulsen~~." p. 1		16. Chessgames.com., p. 2

	17. ~~Spragget on Chess,~~ p. 5		17. Wikipedia. "Louis Paulsen." p. 1

	18. ~~Chessgames.com.~~, p. 2		18. Spragget on Chess, p. 5

	19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1		19. Chessgames.com., p. 2

			20. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

	The date of death was found in "Municipal Molecules," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', August 20, 1891, p. 4		The date of death was found in "Municipal Molecules," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', August 20, 1891, p. 4

Randylyon at 00:45, 20 September 2016

2016-09-20T00:45:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 20 September 2016
Line 65:		Line 65:
	19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1		19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

	The date of death was found in ~~the~~ ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', August 20, 1891, p. 4		The date of death was found in "Municipal Molecules," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', August 20, 1891, p. 4

	[[Category: Chess]]		[[Category: Chess]]
	[[Category: Awards]]		[[Category: Awards]]

Randylyon at 00:41, 20 September 2016

2016-09-20T00:41:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 20 September 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar ~~manufacturing~~, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he ~~discovered~~ the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and, with his brother, the operation of a cigar store, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he invented the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son ~~since~~ the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards ~~and became a steward of property near his father~~ and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son when the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.

	At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)		At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)
Line 13:		Line 13:
	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (15)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (15)

	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (16)		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion. In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (16)

	Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (17) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (18)		Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (17) Paulsen wrote no books and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (18)

	Chessmetrics Player Profile: (19)		Chessmetrics Player Profile: (19)

Randylyon at 00:35, 20 September 2016

2016-09-20T00:35:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:35, 20 September 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--~~Germany~~, ~~July 19~~, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--London, England, August 18 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.
Line 64:		Line 64:

	19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1		19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

			The date of death was found in the ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', August 20, 1891, p. 4

	[[Category: Chess]]		[[Category: Chess]]
	[[Category: Awards]]		[[Category: Awards]]

Randylyon at 04:34, 14 November 2015

2015-11-14T04:34:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 14 November 2015
Line 65:		Line 65:
	19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1		19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

	[[Category: ~~Entertainers~~]]		[[Category: Chess]]
	[[Category: Awards]]		[[Category: Awards]]

Randylyon at 17:31, 13 September 2015

2015-09-13T17:31:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 13 September 2015
Line 9:		Line 9:
	In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)

	Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13)		Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13) In 1860 chess players in Dubuque began raising $500 to entice Paul Morphy to come to Dubuque and attempt to beat Paulsen. (14)

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (14)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (15)

	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (15)		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (16)

	Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (16) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (17)		Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (17) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (18)

	Chessmetrics Player Profile: (18)		Chessmetrics Player Profile: (19)
	Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)		Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)
	Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m		Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m
Line 45:		Line 45:
	9. The First American Chess Congress of 1857. "The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy," Online-http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/morphybio4.html, p. 1		9. The First American Chess Congress of 1857. "The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy," Online-http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/morphybio4.html, p. 1

	10. "Louis Paulsen," New York Times. Online--http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3		10. "Louis Paulsen," ''New York Times''. Online--http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3

	11. Spraggett on Chess. p. 4		11. Spraggett on Chess. p. 4
Line 53:		Line 53:
	13. "Mr. Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858		13. "Mr. Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858

	14. ~~Chessgames~~.~~com~~.~~, p~~. 2		14. "Chess," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 15, 1860, p 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18600115&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	15. ~~Wikipedia~~. ~~"Louis Paulsen~~." p. 1		15. Chessgames.com., p. 2

	16. ~~Spragget on Chess,~~ p. 5		16. Wikipedia. "Louis Paulsen." p. 1

	17. ~~Chessgames.com.~~, p. 2		17. Spragget on Chess, p. 5

	18. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1		18. Chessgames.com., p. 2

			19. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

	[[Category: Entertainers]]		[[Category: Entertainers]]
	[[Category: Awards]]		[[Category: Awards]]

Randylyon at 18:58, 11 May 2013

2013-05-11T18:58:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 11 May 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) Louis played it irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) In the fall of 1854, Louis and his brother left Europe. Louis played chess irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.

	At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)		At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His chess talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)

	Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (9) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (10)		Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (9) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (10)

	In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was notoriously slow ~~and~~ Morphy an unusually fast ~~player~~. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was a notoriously slow player while Morphy was unusually fast. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)

	He returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13)		Paulsen returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13)

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (14)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (14)
Line 15:		Line 15:
	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (15)		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (15)

	Paulsen died ~~due to~~ problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (16) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (17)		Paulsen died from problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (16) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (17)

	Chessmetrics Player Profile: (18)		Chessmetrics Player Profile: (18)

Randylyon at 18:51, 11 May 2013

2013-05-11T18:51:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 11 May 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) Louis played it irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. His talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (6)		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) Louis played it irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque.

	Paulsen~~'s international recognition began with the~~ first ~~American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10~~, ~~1857~~. (7) ~~Considered front-page news with~~ the ~~top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used~~ the ~~event~~ to ~~demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with~~ a ~~bandage over his eyes, using~~ only his ~~memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at~~ blindfolded ~~play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve~~. (8)		At the age of thirteen, Paulsen is said to have heard about François-André Danican Philidor, a great chess master, who first astounded observers by playing blindfolded on May 9, 1783. (6) This may have appealed to Paulsen who had the habit of memorizing the steps of each game he had lost and reviewing them after he had gone to bed. (7) His talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (8)

	In the ~~actual competition~~, Paulsen ~~was beaten for~~ the ~~championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy~~. ~~One of the draws~~ and ~~the single loss of a game by~~ Morphy ~~has been attributed~~ to ~~the fact that Paulsen was notoriously slow and Morphy an unusually fast player. In their second game~~, Paulsen ~~often took as much as an hour~~ to ~~make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (9) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded~~. (10)		Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (9) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (10)

	~~He returned to Dubuque on December 28~~, ~~1857, and again proved his mastery~~ by ~~challenging seven members~~ of the ~~Dubuque Chess Club~~ to ~~matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match~~. ~~Following his Dubuque triumph~~, Paulsen ~~challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club~~ to ~~simultaneous matches winning nine of~~ the ~~ten and tying the tenth~~.		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was notoriously slow and Morphy an unusually fast player. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (11) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (12)

	~~Paulsen played blindfolded over a mile from his opponents with over one thousand moves on the ten boards. Paulsen~~ returned to Dubuque ~~in November 1858~~ and ~~successfully challenged fifteen opponents in~~ the ~~same blindfolded manner~~. ~~The match continued for eight hours and occasionally found~~ Paulsen winning ~~against two players planning moves at a single board~~.		He returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth. (13)

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (11)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (14)

	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion ~~(12)~~ In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen.		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen. (15)

	Paulsen died due to problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (13) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (14)		Paulsen died due to problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (16) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (17)

	Chessmetrics Player Profile: (15)		Chessmetrics Player Profile: (18)
	Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)		Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)
	Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m		Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m
Line 27:		Line 27:
	Sources:		Sources:

	1. Wikipedia. "Louis Paulsen."		1. Wikipedia. "Louis Paulsen."p. 1

	2. Chess.com. "Louis Paulsen," Online. http://www.chess.com/blog/batgirl/louis-paulsen?_domain=old_blog_host&_parent=old_frontend_blog_view		2. Chess.com. "Louis Paulsen," Online. http://www.chess.com/blog/batgirl/louis-paulsen?_domain=old_blog_host&_parent=old_frontend_blog_view, p. 1

	3. Chessgames.com. "The Chess Games of Louis Paulsen." Online--http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=10343		3. Chessgames.com. "The Chess Games of Louis Paulsen." Online--http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=10343, p. 2

	4. "Louis Paulsen, the Great Chess Player," Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858		4. "Louis Paulsen, the Great Chess Player," Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858
Line 37:		Line 37:
	5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858		5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	4. ~~Spraggett on Chess~~. "~~Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory~~,~~" Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening~~.~~html~~		6. Wikipedia. "François-André Danican Philidor", p. 3

	5. ~~The First American Chess Congress of 1857. "The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy~~,~~" Online-http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/morphybio4.html~~		7. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	6. "Louis Paulsen," ~~New York Times.~~ Online--http://~~query~~.~~nytimes~~.com/~~mem~~/~~archive~~-~~free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3~~		8. Spraggett on Chess. "Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory," Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening.html, p. 3

	7. ~~Spraggett on~~ Chess.		9. The First American Chess Congress of 1857. "The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy," Online-http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/morphybio4.html, p. 1

	8. "~~Mr.~~ Louis Paulsen," ~~Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858~~		10. "Louis Paulsen," New York Times. Online--http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F30B17F73F5E10738DDDA90A94D0405B8185F0D3

	9. ~~Chessgames~~.~~com~~		11. Spraggett on Chess. p. 4

	10. ~~Wikipedia~~		12. Spragget on Chess. p. 4

	11. ~~Spraggett on Chess~~.		13. "Mr. Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858

	12. ~~Spragget on Chess~~		14. Chessgames.com., p. 2

	13. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100		15. Wikipedia. "Louis Paulsen." p. 1

			16. Spragget on Chess, p. 5

			17. Chessgames.com., p. 2

			18. Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen. Chessmetrics. Online--http://chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/PlayerProfile.asp?Params=199510SSSSS3S098485000000111000000000023610100, p. 1

	[[Category: Entertainers]]		[[Category: Entertainers]]
	[[Category: Awards]]		[[Category: Awards]]

Randylyon at 18:05, 11 May 2013

2013-05-11T18:05:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 11 May 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (~~Blumberg~~, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)		[[Image:paulsen.gif\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Louis Paulsen was an astounding chess master.]]PAULSEN, Louis. (Blomberg, Germany, June 15, 1833--Germany, July 19, 1891). Paulsen, a resident of Dubuque where he engaged in farming and cigar manufacturing, was considered one of the 19th century’s greatest American chess masters. Aron Nimzowitsch, the celebrated Danish chess player and writer, listed Paulsen among his six greatest "purely defensive players." (1) In 1959 IM Hans Kmoch wrote his well-received book, ''Pawn Power in Chess,'' "all three systems [the Dragon, the Ram or Boleslavky and the Duo or Schevenigen] have been worked out and bequeathed to the chess world by Louis Paulsen; they should bear his name or some descriptive names." (2) Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defense he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defense of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defense. He introduced the Pirc Defense and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defense. (3)

	~~Learning~~ the game ~~from~~ his father, ~~Paulsen~~ played it irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. His talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (4)		Louis learned the game by watching his father who reluctantly taught his son since the boy was only six. One year later, Louis defeated all the chess players of Blomberg including the school teacher. (4) Although good in mathematics and languages, he did not meet the university standards and became a steward of property near his father and neglected the game. (5) Louis played it irregularly until several years after settling in Dubuque. His talent was discovered by a Minneapolis player known today only as Allison who arranged for Paulsen to visit the Chicago Chess Club where he demonstrated his astonishing ability to play blindfolded. (6)

	Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (5) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (6)		Paulsen's international recognition began with the first American Chess Congress held in New York City from October 6 to November 10, 1857. (7) Considered front-page news with the top sixteen American players invited, Paulsen used the event to demonstrate playing two or more games simultaneously, with a bandage over his eyes, using only his memory and imagination. His opponent's moves and his responses were all given orally. Whereas Paul Morphy, considered another master at blindfolded play, limited himself to eight games simultaneously, Paulsen played ten to twelve. (8)

	In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was notoriously slow and Morphy an unusually fast player. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (7) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (8)		In the actual competition, Paulsen was beaten for the championship by the remarkable Paul Morphy. One of the draws and the single loss of a game by Morphy has been attributed to the fact that Paulsen was notoriously slow and Morphy an unusually fast player. In their second game, Paulsen often took as much as an hour to make a move. Some games lasted fifteen hours. (9) Morphy became so incensed that he insisted the time used by both players be recorded. (10)

	He returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth.		He returned to Dubuque on December 28, 1857, and again proved his mastery by challenging seven members of the Dubuque Chess Club to matches on February 18-20, 1858, winning each match. Following his Dubuque triumph, Paulsen challenged ten members of the Chicago Chess Club to simultaneous matches winning nine of the ten and tying the tenth.
Line 11:		Line 11:
	Paulsen played blindfolded over a mile from his opponents with over one thousand moves on the ten boards. Paulsen returned to Dubuque in November 1858 and successfully challenged fifteen opponents in the same blindfolded manner. The match continued for eight hours and occasionally found Paulsen winning against two players planning moves at a single board.		Paulsen played blindfolded over a mile from his opponents with over one thousand moves on the ten boards. Paulsen returned to Dubuque in November 1858 and successfully challenged fifteen opponents in the same blindfolded manner. The match continued for eight hours and occasionally found Paulsen winning against two players planning moves at a single board.

	The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (9)		The First American Chess Congress led to many other international competitions. Paulsen placed 1st at Bristol (1861), 2nd at London (1862), 2nd at Baden-Baden (1870), 1st at Krefeld (1871), 1st in Leipzig (1877), 2nd at Leipzig (1879) and 4th at Breslau (1889). (11)

	In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion (10) In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen.		In 1862 Paulsen challenged Adolf Anderssen for the world championship. The eight-game match was a tie and Anderssen remained the unofficial world champion (12) In 1876 and 1877, Paulsen defeated Anderseen.

	Paulsen died due to problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (11) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (~~12)~~		Paulsen died due to problems associated with diabetes. Towards the end of his life, his tournament participation dwindled. It is thought that the introduction of time controls and the chess clock may have played a role. (13) Paulsen wrote no books, and none has been written on his theoretical contributions. (14)

	~~Chessmetrics Player Profile: (13~~)

			Chessmetrics Player Profile: (15)
	Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)		Best World Rank: #1 (39 different months between the April 1862 rating list and the July 1878 rating list)
	Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m		Highest Rating: 2710 on the October 1862 rating list, #1 in world, age 29y9m
Line 33:		Line 32:

	3. Chessgames.com. "The Chess Games of Louis Paulsen." Online--http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=10343		3. Chessgames.com. "The Chess Games of Louis Paulsen." Online--http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=10343

			4. "Louis Paulsen, the Great Chess Player," Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

			5. Der National Demokrat, May 17, 1858

	4. Spraggett on Chess. "Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory," Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening.html		4. Spraggett on Chess. "Louis Paulsen: The Father of Modern Opening Theory," Online: http://kevinspraggett.blogspot.com/2009/02/louis-paulsen-father-of-modern-opening.html
Line 42:		Line 45:
	7. Spraggett on Chess.		7. Spraggett on Chess.

	8. ~~Spraggett on Chess~~.		8. "Mr. Louis Paulsen," Der Demokrat, May 12, 1858

	9. Chessgames.com		9. Chessgames.com