MACADAM - Revision history

Randylyon at 18:12, 19 March 2025

2025-03-19T18:12:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:12, 19 March 2025
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	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam". (1)

	The ~~macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the~~ first macadam ~~road~~ in ~~North America,~~ the ~~National~~ Road, was ~~completed and most of~~ the ~~main roads~~ in ~~Europe were macadamized by~~ the ~~end~~ of ~~the nineteenth century~~.		The first macadam surface in the United States was laid on the "Boonsborough Turnpike Road" between Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland. By 1822, this section was the last unimproved gap in the the National Road leading from Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay to Wheeling on the Ohio River. Stagecoaches using the road in winter needed 5 to 7 hours of travel to cover 10 miles. The macadam method spread quickly. (2)

	McAdam's road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers. One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. This basic method of construction is sometimes known as water-bound macadam. Although this method required a great deal of manual labor, it resulted in a strong and free-draining pavement. Roads constructed in this manner were described as "macadamized."		McAdam's road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers. One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. This basic method of construction is sometimes known as water-bound macadam. Although this method required a great deal of manual labor, it resulted in a strong and free-draining pavement. Roads constructed in this manner were described as "macadamized."
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	With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material. This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam.		With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material. This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam.

	Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.		Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854. (3)

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	Source:		Source:

	"Macadam," Wikipedia, Online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam		1. "Macadam," Wikipedia, Online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

			2. Federal Highway Administration, "1823-First American Macadam Road," Online: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/rakeman/1823.htm

			3. "Macadam"

	[[Category: Terms]]		[[Category: Terms]]
			[[Category: Transportation]]

Randylyon at 01:47, 26 August 2019

2019-08-26T01:47:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:47, 26 August 2019
Line 5:		Line 5:

	The macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century.		The macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century.

			McAdam's road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers. One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. This basic method of construction is sometimes known as water-bound macadam. Although this method required a great deal of manual labor, it resulted in a strong and free-draining pavement. Roads constructed in this manner were described as "macadamized."

			With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material. This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam.

	Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.		Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.

			---

			Source:

			"Macadam," Wikipedia, Online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

	[[Category: Terms]]		[[Category: Terms]]

Randylyon at 01:44, 26 August 2019

2019-08-26T01:44:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:44, 26 August 2019
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	[[Image:~~mccadam1~~.png\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces [170 g] in weight or to pass a two-inch [5 cm] ring".]]		[[Image:macadam1.png\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces [170 g] in weight or to pass a two-inch [5 cm] ring".]]
	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

Randylyon at 01:43, 26 August 2019

2019-08-26T01:43:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 26 August 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam1.png\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces [170 g] in weight or to pass a two-inch [5 cm] ring".]]
			[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".

Randylyon at 20:04, 11 July 2010

2010-07-11T20:04:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 11 July 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|~~250px~~\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".

Randylyon at 20:04, 11 July 2010

2010-07-11T20:04:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 11 July 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|~~150px~~\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	[[Image:macadam.jpg\|~~left~~\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".

	The macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century.		The macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century.

Randylyon at 20:04, 11 July 2010

2010-07-11T20:04:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 11 July 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:~~macadam~~.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|~~John Loudon McAdam~~]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s. The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his care with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, ensured rainwater rapidly drained off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	The macadam method spread ~~very~~ quickly ~~across~~ the ~~world. The~~ first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed ~~in the 1830s~~ and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century. Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".

			The macadam method spread quickly. In the 1830s the first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century.

			Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.

	[[Category: Terms]]		[[Category: Terms]]

Randylyon at 19:55, 11 July 2010

2010-07-11T19:55:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 11 July 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s. The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his care with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, ensured rainwater rapidly drained off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".

			The macadam method spread very quickly across the world. The first macadam road in North America, the National Road, was completed in the 1830s and most of the main roads in Europe were macadamized by the end of the nineteenth century. Macadam roads were the forerunners of the bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now familiar tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854.

	[[Category: Terms]]		[[Category: Terms]]

Randylyon at 16:28, 19 December 2008

2008-12-19T16:28:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 19 December 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.
	[[Category: ~~Term~~]]		[[Category: Terms]]

Randylyon at 16:28, 19 December 2008

2008-12-19T16:28:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 19 December 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.
			[[Category: Term]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 26 August 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. A once popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.		[[Image:mccadam1.png\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces [170 g] in weight or to pass a two-inch [5 cm] ring".]]
			[[Image:mccadam.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Road diagram]]MACADAM. Macadam was once a popular road-surfacing material made of crushed rock and oil. The surface was used first on Iowa Street in the late 1800s.

	[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".		[[Image:macadam.jpg\|right\|thumb\|150px\|John Loudon McAdam]]The invention of the construction method belonged to John Loudon McAdam (Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1756--Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland). McAdam had been appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike Trust in 1816, where he decided to remake the roads under his supervision with crushed stone bound with gravel on a firm base of large stones. A camber, making the road slightly convex, caused rainwater to rapidly drain off the road rather than penetrate and damage the road's foundations. This construction method, the greatest advance in road construction since Roman times, became known as "macadamisation", or, more simply, "macadam".