GRAVES, Julius K. - Revision history

Randylyon at 15:59, 21 January 2021

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	[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]		[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]
	[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for [[M. MOBLEY'S EXCHANGE AND BANKING HOUSE]]. ~~This~~ bank ~~was~~ reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858~~. It~~ merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He ~~also~~ served on ~~the~~ bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]].		[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for [[M. MOBLEY'S EXCHANGE AND BANKING HOUSE]]. The bank reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858 and later merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He served on that bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. In 1887 Graves developed the first coal mines in the Dakota Territory. Located forty miles northwest of Deadwood, the veins were from four to five feet thick. He had previous experience in coal mines as the operator of Oskaloosa, Iowa mines which he sold to the Chicago and Northwestern railroad company for $500,000. (2)

	Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]] that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)		Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]] that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)
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	In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (30) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (31) In 1896 Graves and other members of his family sued the gas company for $5,000 each claiming breach of contract for denying them gas. (32)		In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (30) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (31) In 1896 Graves and other members of his family sued the gas company for $5,000 each claiming breach of contract for denying them gas. (32)





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	1. Gue, Benjamin F. "Julius K. Graves," '''History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/Volume 4''' Online: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_Iowa_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_Beginning_of_the_Twentieth_Century/4/Julius_K._Graves		1. Gue, Benjamin F. "Julius K. Graves," '''History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/Volume 4''' Online: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_Iowa_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_Beginning_of_the_Twentieth_Century/4/Julius_K._Graves

	2. ~~National Register of Historic Places~~," ~~Online: http://weblink~~.~~cityofdubuque.org/WebLink8/1/doc/16333/Page56.aspx,~~		2. "Another Fortune in Sight," ''The Herald'', September 13, 1887, p. 4

	3. '''Portrait and Biographical Record of Dubuque, Jones and Clayton Counties, Iowa'''. Chicago: Chapman Publishing Company, 1894, p. 138		3. '''Portrait and Biographical Record of Dubuque, Jones and Clayton Counties, Iowa'''. Chicago: Chapman Publishing Company, 1894, p. 138

Randylyon at 14:23, 23 March 2019

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Randylyon at 20:17, 25 February 2018

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	[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]		[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]
	[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. ~~(1)~~ It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. ~~(2)~~		[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]].

	Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)		Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)

Randylyon at 20:17, 25 February 2018

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	[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]		[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]
	[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. ~~The estate was sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, J. J.\|J. J. NAGLE.]]~~Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. (1) It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. (2)		[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. (1) It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. (2)

	Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)		Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)

Randylyon at 20:15, 25 February 2018

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	[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]		[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]
	[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. (1) It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. (2)		[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. The estate was sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, J. J.\|J. J. NAGLE.]]Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for the private banking house of [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. (1) It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]]. (2)

	Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)		Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]], the company that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)

Randylyon at 17:19, 30 September 2017

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Randylyon at 01:48, 30 July 2017

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	[[File:JKG.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Campaign ribbon: Image courtesy: Dan Parkin]]Elected [[MAYOR]] in 1866, Graves began a political career that saw his election as a representative to the state legislature in 1876. In 1881 he was elected to serve four years as a state senator. (13)		[[File:JKG.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Campaign ribbon: Image courtesy: Dan Parkin]]Elected [[MAYOR]] in 1866, Graves began a political career that saw his election as a representative to the state legislature in 1876. In 1881 he was elected to serve four years as a state senator. (13)

	His interest in [[RAILROADS]] began with the construction of a line from Dubuque to Chicago. Graves later became president of the [[CHICAGO, DUBUQUE AND MINNESOTA RAILROAD]]; the [[CHICAGO, CLINTON AND DUBUQUE RAILROAD]]; and the Iowa Pacific. With [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] he established the Austin and Northwestern Rail Road Company in Texas. (14) He was vice-president of the Railroad River Construction Company, the Iowa & Minnesota Construction Company, and the Iowa & Wisconsin Construction Company. He was a director of the Commercial National Bank and the president of the First National Bank of McGregor. (15) In 1873 along with [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]], Graves was involved in the construction of "tenements" at [[EAGLE POINT]]. Gas and water mains were laid to that part of the city for the use of the residents. (16) In January 1876 Graves sold his half-interest in the street railroad to B. D. Lenehan. (17) In 1877, a rich vein of [[LEAD]] was discovered beneath his home. As the ''Dubuque Herald'' editorial staff remarked, "Throwing away a railroad and picking up a lead mine is not accomplished every day." (18) Ever interested in the next business deal, Graves was reported in 1877 to be interested in constructing a street railway between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. (19) In 1890 he was advancing the idea of creating a railroad between Tampa, Florida and New York, City. (20)		His interest in [[RAILROADS]] began with the construction of a line from Dubuque to Chicago. Graves later became president of the [[CHICAGO, DUBUQUE AND MINNESOTA RAILROAD]]; the [[CHICAGO, CLINTON AND DUBUQUE RAILROAD]]; and the Iowa Pacific. With [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] he established the Austin and Northwestern Rail Road Company in Texas. (14) He was vice-president of the Railroad River Construction Company, the Iowa & Minnesota Construction Company, and the Iowa & Wisconsin Construction Company.

			Graves was a director of the Commercial National Bank and the president of the First National Bank of McGregor. (15) In 1873 along with [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]], Graves was involved in the construction of "tenements" at [[EAGLE POINT]]. Gas and water mains were laid to that part of the city for the use of the residents. (16) In January 1876 Graves sold his half-interest in the street railroad to B. D. Lenehan. (17) In 1877, a rich vein of [[LEAD]] was discovered beneath his home. As the ''Dubuque Herald'' editorial staff remarked, "Throwing away a railroad and picking up a lead mine is not accomplished every day." (18) Ever interested in the next business deal, Graves was reported in 1877 to be interested in constructing a street railway between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. (19) In 1890 he was advancing the idea of creating a railroad between Tampa, Florida and New York, City. (20)

	In the sale of the gas works in 1880, Graves wrote an agreement that the company would continue to furnish a reasonable amount of gas to his residence for twenty years at no cost. In 1890 a meter placed in his basement revealed that he had used $880 worth of gas which would translate to $16,000 over the twenty year period of the agreement. (21) This was more than the next five largest consumers. (22)		In the sale of the gas works in 1880, Graves wrote an agreement that the company would continue to furnish a reasonable amount of gas to his residence for twenty years at no cost. In 1890 a meter placed in his basement revealed that he had used $880 worth of gas which would translate to $16,000 over the twenty year period of the agreement. (21) This was more than the next five largest consumers. (22)

Randylyon at 18:39, 26 April 2017

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Randylyon at 23:57, 4 February 2017

2017-02-04T23:57:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:57, 4 February 2017
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	24. "Lower Court Reversed," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', October 27, 1891, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=18911027&printsec=frontpage&hl=en		24. "Lower Court Reversed," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', October 27, 1891, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=18911027&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	25. "The Gas Decision," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', October 28, 1891, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=~~18911028~~&printsec=frontpage&hl=en		25. "The Gas Decision," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', October 28, 1891, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=1891102''8&printsec=frontpage&hl=en
			''
	26. "Given a Chance to Buy," ''Dubuque Daily Herald,'' October 4, 1892, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=18921004&printsec=frontpage&hl=en		26. "Given a Chance to Buy," ''Dubuque Daily Herald,'' October 4, 1892, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=_OG5zn83XeQC&dat=18921004&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

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	29. "Graves Gas Case," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', January 27, 1895, p. 8		29. "Graves Gas Case," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', January 27, 1895, p. 8

	30. "Gas Company Sued," '''Dubuque Daily Herald''', January 16, 1896, p. 8		30. "Gas Company Sued," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', January 16, 1896, p. 8

Randylyon at 00:36, 4 February 2017

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	The financial collapse of the Commercial National Bank took an ironic twist in December 1892. A grand jury was asked to bring charges against A. A. Cooper, Jr. for a violation of the postal laws. The charge was that Cooper had violated the law prohibiting writing of any kind except the address on fourth class mail. During the summer of 1891, the ''Dubuque Herald'' and other local papers had urged R. E. Graves and C. H. be brought to trial for their involvement in the bank collapse. Cooper, it was alleged, sent a large amount of fourth class mail to people living in Colorado and Arizona where both Graves and Harris were known. It was claimed by J. K. Graves and others that the margins of the mail contained written remarks pointing particular attention to specific paragraphs. (27)		The financial collapse of the Commercial National Bank took an ironic twist in December 1892. A grand jury was asked to bring charges against A. A. Cooper, Jr. for a violation of the postal laws. The charge was that Cooper had violated the law prohibiting writing of any kind except the address on fourth class mail. During the summer of 1891, the ''Dubuque Herald'' and other local papers had urged R. E. Graves and C. H. be brought to trial for their involvement in the bank collapse. Cooper, it was alleged, sent a large amount of fourth class mail to people living in Colorado and Arizona where both Graves and Harris were known. It was claimed by J. K. Graves and others that the margins of the mail contained written remarks pointing particular attention to specific paragraphs. (27)

	In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (28) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (29)		In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (28) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (29) In 1896 Graves and other members of his family sued the gas company for $5,000 each claiming breach of contract for denying them gas. (30)


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	29. "Graves Gas Case," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', January 27, 1895, p. 8		29. "Graves Gas Case," ''Dubuque Daily Herald'', January 27, 1895, p. 8

			30. "Gas Company Sued," '''Dubuque Daily Herald''', January 16, 1896, p. 8

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	[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]		[[Image:graves.gif\|left\|thumb\|200px\|Julius K. Graves]]
	[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for ~~the private banking house of~~ [[M. MOBLEY]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]].		[[Image:jkgraves.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Graves' home at 25 Fenelon Street with its four acres of land was called the "Executive Mansion" when Graves was elected mayor. (1) The house, sold in 1906 to [[NAGLE, Joseph J.\|Joseph J. NAGLE]], was removed to make room for a home for [[SEIPPEL, Peter J.\|Peter J. SEIPPEL]]. Photo courtesy: State Historical Society of Iowa. (Iowa City)]]GRAVES, Julius K. (Keene, NH, Sept. 29, 1837--Dubuque, IA, Dec. 9, 1898). Graves began his professional career as a bank clerk in New Hampshire. Coming to Dubuque in 1855, he served as a clerk for [[M. MOBLEY'S EXCHANGE AND BANKING HOUSE]]. This bank was reorganized as J. K. Graves & Company in 1858. It merged with the [[STATE BANK OF IOWA]] with Graves as vice president and general manager. He also served on the bank's Board of Control as a director. Graves was a principal organizer of the National State Bank and the [[COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK]].

	Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]]~~, the company~~ that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)		Prominent in the city, Graves was the founder of the [[FOURTH STREET ELEVATOR]]. In 1859 Graves was president and a major stockholder of the [[KEY CITY GAS COMPANY]] that provided Dubuque with light. Starting in 1868, Graves worked for the construction of the [[DUBUQUE STREET RAILWAY COMPANY]], a company in which he later served as president. (3)

	Much has been said of Graves' business sense. In 1860 Graves with other stockholders purchased the [[SHOT TOWER]]. When his fellow stockholders grew impatient with their investment, Graves was able to purchase their shares for pennies on the dollar. He was then able to sell the tower in 1862 to his stiffest competitor, the firm of Chadbourn and Foster, at a fine profit. It is often repeated that as part of the deal, Graves swore not to build another tower within one hundred miles of Dubuque for ten years. Taken to court by the St. Louis firm for violating this agreement, Graves won the case by demonstrating that he had manufactured [[SHOT]] by dropping it down an abandoned mine shaft instead of building another tower. (4) Research, however, has never proven that this court case actually occurred. (5)		Much has been said of Graves' business sense. In 1860 Graves with other stockholders purchased the [[SHOT TOWER]]. When his fellow stockholders grew impatient with their investment, Graves was able to purchase their shares for pennies on the dollar. He was then able to sell the tower in 1862 to his stiffest competitor, the firm of Chadbourn and Foster, at a fine profit. It is often repeated that as part of the deal, Graves swore not to build another tower within one hundred miles of Dubuque for ten years. Taken to court by the St. Louis firm for violating this agreement, Graves won the case by demonstrating that he had manufactured [[SHOT]] by dropping it down an abandoned mine shaft instead of building another tower. (4) Research, however, has never proven that this court case actually occurred. (5)

	At the beginning of the [[CIVIL WAR]], Graves and his brother, R. E. ~~Graves~~. loaned the State of Iowa large sums of money to recruit and equip volunteers from the Dubuque area. (6) In May 1861 he wrote to Governor Kirkwood ~~with the following proposal~~:		At the beginning of the [[CIVIL WAR]], Graves and his brother, [[GRAVES, R. E.\|R. E. GRAVES]] loaned the State of Iowa large sums of money to recruit and equip volunteers from the Dubuque area. (6) In May 1861 he wrote tthe following proposal to Governor Kirkwood:

	As the sole owner of the "Dubuque Shot Tower" I take this occasion to		As the sole owner of the "Dubuque Shot Tower," I take this occasion to
	tender the use of said property to (the) Government for the manufacture		tender the use of said property to (the) Government for the manufacture
	of such supplies of Bulletts (sic) and other Leaden (sic) missiles of		of such supplies of Bulletts (sic) and other Leaden (sic) missiles of
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	Union victories did not come quickly enough. Graves displayed his flag at the end of May.		Union victories did not come quickly enough. Graves displayed his flag at the end of May.

	In 1862 Graves wrote to Governor Kirkwood that, "I am ready to quit Banking, drop my Pen (sic) and devote my time and energies to the welfare of the Brigade and the extinction of Traitors (sic)." Through ~~his lead in~~ establishing what was first called [[CAMP UNION]] and later [[CAMP FRANKLIN]], a major state organizational site in Dubuque, Graves was appointed Dubuque Quartermaster. (10) Letters of support for his selection came from fellow bankers, [[ALLISON, William Boyd\|William Boyd ALLISON]], and Brigadier General [[HERRON, Francis J.\|Francis J. HERRON]]. The post was largely honorary. (11)		In 1862 Graves wrote to Governor Kirkwood that, "I am ready to quit Banking, drop my Pen (sic) and devote my time and energies to the welfare of the Brigade and the extinction of Traitors (sic)." Through establishing what was first called [[CAMP UNION]] and later [[CAMP FRANKLIN]], a major state organizational site in Dubuque, Graves was appointed Dubuque Quartermaster. (10) Letters of support for his selection came from fellow bankers, [[ALLISON, William Boyd\|William Boyd ALLISON]], and Brigadier General [[HERRON, Francis J.\|Francis J. HERRON]]. The post was largely honorary. (11)

	In 1865 Graves was appointed Special U. S. Indian Commissioner by the Interior Department for New Mexico. His duties involved negotiating the basis of treaties which would later be acted upon by Congress. He first journeyed to the area in October 1865 accompanied by a military escort and an artist who was to sketch points of interest along the way. (12)		In 1865 Graves was appointed Special U. S. Indian Commissioner by the Interior Department for New Mexico. His duties involved negotiating the basis of treaties which would later be acted upon by Congress. He first journeyed to the area in October 1865 accompanied by a military escort and an artist who was to sketch points of interest along the way. (12)
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	[[File:JKG.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Campaign ribbon: Image courtesy: Dan Parkin]]Elected [[MAYOR]] in 1866, Graves began a political career that saw his election as a representative to the state legislature in 1876. In 1881 he was elected to serve four years as a state senator. (13)		[[File:JKG.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Campaign ribbon: Image courtesy: Dan Parkin]]Elected [[MAYOR]] in 1866, Graves began a political career that saw his election as a representative to the state legislature in 1876. In 1881 he was elected to serve four years as a state senator. (13)

	His interest in [[RAILROADS]] began with the construction of a line from Dubuque to Chicago. Graves later became president of the [[CHICAGO, DUBUQUE AND MINNESOTA RAILROAD]]; ~~the~~ [[CHICAGO, CLINTON AND DUBUQUE RAILROAD]]; and the ~~Iowa Pacific~~. In 1873 he was involved in the construction of the Wisconsin Valley Railroad which was intended to link with the Wisconsin Central. (14) With [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] he established the Austin and Northwestern Rail Road Company in Texas. (15) He was vice-president of the Railroad River Construction Company, ~~the~~ Iowa & Minnesota Construction Company, and the Iowa & Wisconsin Construction Company.		His interest in [[RAILROADS]] began with the construction of a line from Dubuque to Chicago. Graves later became president of the [[CHICAGO, DUBUQUE AND MINNESOTA RAILROAD]]; [[CHICAGO, CLINTON AND DUBUQUE RAILROAD]]; and the [[IOWA PACIFIC RAILROAD]]. In 1873 he was involved in the construction of the Wisconsin Valley Railroad which was intended to link with the Wisconsin Central. (14) With [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]], he established the Austin and Northwestern Rail Road Company in Texas. (15) He was vice-president of the Railroad River Construction Company, Iowa & Minnesota Construction Company, and the Iowa & Wisconsin Construction Company.

	Graves was a director of the Commercial National Bank and the president of the First National Bank of McGregor. (16) In 1873 along with [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]], Graves was involved in the construction of "tenements" at [[EAGLE POINT]]. Gas and water mains were laid to that part of the city for the use of the residents. (17) In January 1876 Graves sold his half-interest in the street railroad to B. D. Lenehan. (18) In 1877, a rich vein of [[LEAD]] was discovered beneath his home. As the ''Dubuque Herald'' editorial staff remarked, "Throwing away a railroad and picking up a lead mine is not accomplished every day." (19) Ever interested in the next business deal, Graves was reported in 1877 to be interested in constructing a street railway between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. (20) In 1890 he was advancing the idea of creating a railroad between Tampa, Florida and New York, City. (21)		Graves was a director of the Commercial National Bank and the president of the First National Bank of McGregor. (16) In 1873 along with [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]], Graves was involved in the construction of "tenements" at [[EAGLE POINT]]. Gas and water mains were laid to that part of the city for the use of the residents. (17) In January 1876 Graves sold his half-interest in the street railroad to B. D. Lenehan. (18) In 1877, a rich vein of [[LEAD]] was discovered beneath his home. As the ''Dubuque Herald'' editorial staff remarked, "Throwing away a railroad and picking up a lead mine is not accomplished every day." (19) Ever interested in the next business deal, Graves was reported in 1877 to be interested in constructing a street railway between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. (20) In 1890 he was advancing the idea of creating a railroad between Tampa, Florida and New York, City. (21)
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	parties when they entered into the contract." (27)		parties when they entered into the contract." (27)

	Graves was limited to 100,000 ~~gas~~ of natural gas, a decision he then appealed.		Graves was limited to 100,000 feet of natural gas, a decision he then appealed.

	In October 1892 Graves entered an already confusing future of the [[WATER DEPARTMENT]] in the city by offering with several associates to purchase the water works. This occurred at a time when a Philadelphia company had offered a purchase proposal and a committee of fifty influential local citizens had suggested the city retain its right to purchase according to the company's charter. (28)		In October 1892 Graves entered an already confusing future of the [[WATER DEPARTMENT]] in the city by offering with several associates to purchase the water works. This occurred at a time when a Philadelphia company had offered a purchase proposal and a committee of fifty influential local citizens had suggested the city retain its right to purchase according to the company's charter. (28)

	The financial collapse of the Commercial National Bank took an ironic twist in December 1892. A grand jury was asked to bring charges against A. A. Cooper, Jr. for a violation of the postal laws. The charge was that Cooper had violated the law prohibiting writing of any kind except the address on fourth class mail. During the summer of 1891, the ''Dubuque Herald'' and other local papers had urged R. E. Graves ~~and C. H.~~ be brought to trial for ~~their~~ involvement in the bank collapse. Cooper, it was alleged, sent a large amount of fourth class mail to people living in Colorado and Arizona where both Graves and Harris were known. It was claimed by J. K. Graves and others that the margins of the mail contained written remarks pointing particular attention to specific paragraphs. (29)		The financial collapse of the Commercial National Bank took an ironic twist in December 1892. A grand jury was asked to bring charges against A. A. Cooper, Jr. for a violation of the postal laws. The charge was that Cooper had violated the law prohibiting writing of any kind except the address on fourth class mail. During the summer of 1891, the ''Dubuque Herald'' and other local papers had urged R. E. Graves be brought to trial for his involvement in the bank collapse. Cooper, it was alleged, sent a large amount of fourth class mail to people living in Colorado and Arizona where both Graves and a C. Harris were known. It was claimed by J. K. Graves and others that the margins of the mail contained written remarks pointing particular attention to specific paragraphs. (29)

	In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (30) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (31) In 1896 Graves and other members of his family sued the gas company for $5,000 each claiming breach of contract for denying them gas. (32)		In January 1895 the Supreme Court again entered the J. K. Graves v. Key City Gas Company case. It decided against the limitation to 100,000 feet and chose 150,000 feet. Other aspects of the ruling in 1891 stood. This left the gas company liable for costs and allowed Graves to recover from the year he was denied gas and for the time he had been limited in his usage. (30) In comments later, the gas company claimed victory because it had once offered Graves 180,000 cubic feet of gas annually to settle the case. (31) In 1896 Graves and other members of his family sued the gas company for $5,000 each claiming breach of contract for denying them gas. (32)