CIVIL DEFENSE - Revision history

Randylyon at 02:46, 17 May 2024

2024-05-17T02:46:09Z

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	The U. S. Office of Civilian Defense in December, 1941, had directions published in local newspapers entitled "What To Do in an Air Raid" which basically said, "Keep Cool," "Stay Home," and "Put Out the Lights."In April 1942 nearly six hundred Dubuque residents enrolled in first aid classes. The classes were continued Monday and Tuesday evenings for seven weeks. (3) An OCD Activity List--a daily calendar of defense meetings began appearing in the newspaper in October, 1942. As an example, "The OCD Rescue Squad will meet at the Central Fire Station at 9th and Iowa, Thursday, at 7:30 p.m." (4)		The U. S. Office of Civilian Defense in December, 1941, had directions published in local newspapers entitled "What To Do in an Air Raid" which basically said, "Keep Cool," "Stay Home," and "Put Out the Lights."In April 1942 nearly six hundred Dubuque residents enrolled in first aid classes. The classes were continued Monday and Tuesday evenings for seven weeks. (3) An OCD Activity List--a daily calendar of defense meetings began appearing in the newspaper in October, 1942. As an example, "The OCD Rescue Squad will meet at the Central Fire Station at 9th and Iowa, Thursday, at 7:30 p.m." (4)

	~~[[Image:cd1.JPG\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Supplies in case of disaster.]]~~Air Raid Wardens, wearing metal helmets and arms bands, would police the streets of during blackouts, making sure that every light was turned out, or at least hidden from view by a pair of heavy curtains. Sirens would sound to let people know it was once again safe to turn on their lights. Another field of activity was protection against accidents of student pilots involved in missing a target with a bomb or with crashes. Army bomb experts were ready to respond. OCD personnel were also involved in food production programs, salvage campaigns, and bond drives. (5)		Air Raid Wardens, wearing metal helmets and arms bands, would police the streets of during blackouts, making sure that every light was turned out, or at least hidden from view by a pair of heavy curtains. Sirens would sound to let people know it was once again safe to turn on their lights. Another field of activity was protection against accidents of student pilots involved in missing a target with a bomb or with crashes. Army bomb experts were ready to respond. OCD personnel were also involved in food production programs, salvage campaigns, and bond drives. (5)

	Civilian Defense workers greatly aided local fire and police departments during blackouts and air raid alerts by filling the roles of officers who were now in the military. One area of increased activity was the protection against war gases. Aware of the risks in transporting these gases, specially trained officers located in most of the principal cities in the state were ready to take charge if sabotage or train wrecks occurred.		Civilian Defense workers greatly aided local fire and police departments during blackouts and air raid alerts by filling the roles of officers who were now in the military. One area of increased activity was the protection against war gases. Aware of the risks in transporting these gases, specially trained officers located in most of the principal cities in the state were ready to take charge if sabotage or train wrecks occurred.

Randylyon at 03:44, 12 August 2019

2019-08-12T03:44:46Z

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	Preparations for Dubuque's participation in a nationwide 26-hour civil defense exercise on June 15-16, 1955 included the first use of the city's new $10,000 air raid sirens. The controls for the sirens were located at the telephone building. (11)		Preparations for Dubuque's participation in a nationwide 26-hour civil defense exercise on June 15-16, 1955 included the first use of the city's new $10,000 air raid sirens. The controls for the sirens were located at the telephone building. (11)

	In 1957 Dubuque was not one of the cities "hit" by hypothetical atomic bombs during Operation Alert. This was fortunate because the city did not have a Civil Defense director or a working disaster plan. The situation had existed since 1956 when lack of participation threatened to shut down the Ground Observation Corps. The post should be manned around-the-clock since Dubuque was in a "Sky-Watch" area meaning it was susceptible to enemy air attack. According to the state civil defense plan, the city or county was "through appropriate ordinances to operate its civil defense system under the guidance of the state." Although this was brought to the attention of local government officials the response was they ~~wold~~ not aid in financing any civil defense facilities before the state legislature approved such financing. (12)		In 1957 Dubuque was not one of the cities "hit" by hypothetical atomic bombs during Operation Alert. This was fortunate because the city did not have a Civil Defense director or a working disaster plan. The situation had existed since 1956 when lack of participation threatened to shut down the Ground Observation Corps. The post should be manned around-the-clock since Dubuque was in a "Sky-Watch" area meaning it was susceptible to enemy air attack. According to the state civil defense plan, the city or county was "through appropriate ordinances to operate its civil defense system under the guidance of the state." Although this was brought to the attention of local government officials the response was they would not aid in financing any civil defense facilities before the state legislature approved such financing. (12)

	In "Operation Alert", Iowa Civil Defense headquarters in Des Moines received a call that enemy plane were sighted over Alaska. State headquarters phoned other cities in the state. At 11:15 a.m. sirens began blasting away and remained going for ten minutes. When it was learned that Dubuque was not "hit," the city was to assume a support role. City manager Laverne Schiltz opened a letter at 1:00 p.m. which told him of "Dubuque's fate." (13)		In "Operation Alert", Iowa Civil Defense headquarters in Des Moines received a call that enemy plane were sighted over Alaska. State headquarters phoned other cities in the state. At 11:15 a.m. sirens began blasting away and remained going for ten minutes. When it was learned that Dubuque was not "hit," the city was to assume a support role. City manager Laverne Schiltz opened a letter at 1:00 p.m. which told him of "Dubuque's fate." (13)

Randylyon at 17:22, 21 May 2018

2018-05-21T17:22:01Z

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	The responsibility for defense planning was under the control of the defense department until 1949. On March 3, 1949, President Harry Truman gave the responsibility to the National Security Resources Board (NSRB). This agency was charged with planning what the country should do in case of war or other great emergency. The NSRB established the Office of Civilian Mobilization (OCM). This meant that states and cities established plans for emergencies under OCM supervision. In 1950 OCM did not find Iowa among the states it considered had done good civil defense planning. (6)		The responsibility for defense planning was under the control of the defense department until 1949. On March 3, 1949, President Harry Truman gave the responsibility to the National Security Resources Board (NSRB). This agency was charged with planning what the country should do in case of war or other great emergency. The NSRB established the Office of Civilian Mobilization (OCM). This meant that states and cities established plans for emergencies under OCM supervision. In 1950 OCM did not find Iowa among the states it considered had done good civil defense planning. (6)

	In January 1951, at the height of the Cold War and the [[KOREAN ~~WAR~~]], Congress passed the Civil Defense Act making possible cooperation between the federal government, states and cities to construct air raid shelters, train people, and establish warning systems. By August, 1951 President Truman and Millard Caldwell, chief of civil defense, asked Congress for $535 million to continue the program. In August, the House of Representatives, acted proposing only $65,255,000. In many ways, this mirrored the feeling of Dubuque's civil defense director in 1952. (7) In February, the Dubuque city Council authorized the attendance of the city's police and fire chiefs at a tuition free civil defense course at the State University of Iowa. (8)		In January 1951, at the height of the Cold War and the [[KOREAN CONFLICT]], Congress passed the Civil Defense Act making possible cooperation between the federal government, states and cities to construct air raid shelters, train people, and establish warning systems. By August, 1951 President Truman and Millard Caldwell, chief of civil defense, asked Congress for $535 million to continue the program. In August, the House of Representatives, acted proposing only $65,255,000. In many ways, this mirrored the feeling of Dubuque's civil defense director in 1952. (7) In February, the Dubuque city Council authorized the attendance of the city's police and fire chiefs at a tuition free civil defense course at the State University of Iowa. (8)

	March 29, 1951 was declared registration day by Iowa Governor William S. Beardsley. All registered or licensed practical nurses, active or inactive, were requested to register at the nearest county courthouse as part of civil defense. Administrators of hospitals with a large number of nurses could write to the courthouse and request the needed number of cards. (9)		March 29, 1951 was declared registration day by Iowa Governor William S. Beardsley. All registered or licensed practical nurses, active or inactive, were requested to register at the nearest county courthouse as part of civil defense. Administrators of hospitals with a large number of nurses could write to the courthouse and request the needed number of cards. (9)

Randylyon at 17:21, 21 May 2018

2018-05-21T17:21:12Z

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	In 1973 a group of forty-five volunteers training, under the supervision of the [[DUBUQUE POLICE DEPARTMENT]] four hours each month, comprised the Dubuque Civil Defense Auxiliary Police. They were supplements to the police in emergencies such as traffic or crowd control. Other duties included patrolling the city in their own cars and reporting any suspicious activity. They paid for their own uniforms as well as the gasoline and oil used on patrol. They were not armed and did not play a role in arresting or questioning suspects. (28)		In 1973 a group of forty-five volunteers training, under the supervision of the [[DUBUQUE POLICE DEPARTMENT]] four hours each month, comprised the Dubuque Civil Defense Auxiliary Police. They were supplements to the police in emergencies such as traffic or crowd control. Other duties included patrolling the city in their own cars and reporting any suspicious activity. They paid for their own uniforms as well as the gasoline and oil used on patrol. They were not armed and did not play a role in arresting or questioning suspects. (28)

	In ~~1976 about half of~~ the ~~tri-state~~'s ~~438 public fallout shelters with 138 in Dubuque County remained stocked with supplies~~. ~~Food remained edible as long as~~ the ~~tins were kept dry and sealed~~. ~~Some medical supplies including penicillin and nose and eye drops were removed because they had lost their potency. Bottles of phenobarbital, a depressant, were removed~~ from ~~all fallout shelters during~~ the ~~'drug craze'~~ of the ~~1960s. Public fallout shelters were inspected every two years, but~~ a ~~new plan was being promoted. Residents of high~~-~~risk cities were being evacuated to rural areas and small towns~~. ~~People who had~~ to ~~use the shelters were asked to bring their own food. Grocery stores might also~~ be ~~taken over~~ for ~~supplies~~. (29)		In May, 1974 the Civil Defense director christened Dubuque's first river rescue boat. Powered by a 160-horsepower outboard, the boat was capable of speeds up to 55 mph. While technically on loan from the federal government, full ownership of the vessel could pass to the city at the end of a five-year loan period. It was to be used for emergencies and not routine patrols. (29)

	In 1976 the largest shelter in Dubuque was the [[FARLEY AND LOETSCHER MANUFACTURING COMPANY]] building at 198 E. 7th St. It was estimated that 6,380 people could use it for shelter. The second and third largest potential shelters was [[MERCY MEDICAL CENTER]] and the [[DUBUQUE PACKING COMPANY]]. (30)		In 1976 about half of the tri-state's 438 public fallout shelters with 138 in Dubuque County remained stocked with supplies. Food remained edible as long as the tins were kept dry and sealed. Some medical supplies including penicillin and nose and eye drops were removed because they had lost their potency. Bottles of phenobarbital, a depressant, were removed from all fallout shelters during the 'drug craze' of the 1960s. Public fallout shelters were inspected every two years, but a new plan was being promoted. Residents of high-risk cities were being evacuated to rural areas and small towns. People who had to use the shelters were asked to bring their own food. Grocery stores might also be taken over for supplies. (30)

			In 1976 the largest shelter in Dubuque was the [[FARLEY AND LOETSCHER MANUFACTURING COMPANY]] building at 198 E. 7th St. It was estimated that 6,380 people could use it for shelter. The second and third largest potential shelters was [[MERCY MEDICAL CENTER]] and the [[DUBUQUE PACKING COMPANY]]. (31)

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	27. Tighe, Mike. "In the Aftermath of Early Morning Storm..." ''Telegraph Herald'', July 11, 1971, p. 10		27. Tighe, Mike. "In the Aftermath of Early Morning Storm..." ''Telegraph Herald'', July 11, 1971, p. 10

	28. "Action Line," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 21, 1973, p. 22		28. "Action Line," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 21, 1973, p. 22

			29. "Trial Run," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 3, 1974, p. 9

	29. Fyten		30. Fyten

	30. Ibid.		31. Ibid.


	[[Category: Events]]		[[Category: Events]]
	[[Category: Organizations]]		[[Category: Organizations]]

Randylyon at 02:24, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T02:24:35Z

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Randylyon at 02:09, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T02:09:46Z

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	[[Image:imp842.jpg\|left\|thumb\|~~350px~~\|Photo Courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:imp842.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Photo Courtesy: Bob Reding]]
	[[File:CD.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|left\|Image courtesy: Platinum Building]]CIVIL DEFENSE. For the history of Civil Defense in the United States, see: http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/history.html		[[File:CD.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|left\|Image courtesy: Platinum Building]]CIVIL DEFENSE. For the history of Civil Defense in the United States, see: http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/history.html

Randylyon at 02:07, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T02:07:40Z

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Randylyon at 01:58, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T01:58:35Z

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	[[File:CD.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|left\|Image courtesy: Platinum Building]]CIVIL DEFENSE. For the history of Civil Defense in the United States, see: http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/history.html		[[File:CD.jpg\|250px\|thumb\|left\|Image courtesy: Platinum Building]]CIVIL DEFENSE. For the history of Civil Defense in the United States, see: http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/history.html

			At the start of [[WORLD WAR II]], it was decided that America needed some form of defense against the possibility of enemy attack. In May 1941, President Roosevelt created the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD). (1) The new Civilian Defense Board was to establish plans and programs for the protection of life and property against hazards of war and to work with state and local authorities to recruit and train civilian auxiliaries. The Board was also to mobilize a maximum civilian effort for carrying out the war including the enrollment of men. (2) Volunteers could chose from a variety of jobs, from being a member of the bomb squad to that most important job of all, the CD Air Raid Warden.

			The U. S. Office of Civilian Defense in December, 1941, had directions published in local newspapers entitled "What To Do in an Air Raid" which basically said, "Keep Cool," "Stay Home," and "Put Out the Lights."In April 1942 nearly six hundred Dubuque residents enrolled in first aid classes. The classes were continued Monday and Tuesday evenings for seven weeks. (3) An OCD Activity List--a daily calendar of defense meetings began appearing in the newspaper in October, 1942. As an example, "The OCD Rescue Squad will meet at the Central Fire Station at 9th and Iowa, Thursday, at 7:30 p.m." (4)

			[[Image:cd1.JPG\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Supplies in case of disaster. ]]Air Raid Wardens, wearing metal helmets and arms bands, would police the streets of during blackouts, making sure that every light was turned out, or at least hidden from view by a pair of heavy curtains. Sirens would sound to let people know it was once again safe to turn on their lights.

			In 1957 Dubuque was not one of the cities "hit" by hypothetical atomic bombs during Operation Alert. This was fortunate because the city did not have a Civil Defense director or a working disaster plan.

			In Operation Alert, Iowa Civil Defense headquarters in Des Moines received a call that enemy plane were sighted over Alaska. State headquarters phoned other cities in the state. At 11:15 a.m. sirens began blasting away and remained going for ten minutes. When it was learned that Dubuque was not "hit," the city was to assume a support role. City manager Laverne Schiltz opened a letter at 1:00 p.m. which told him of "Dubuque's fate." (5)
	The responsibility for defense planning was under the control of the defense department until 1949. On March 3, 1949, President Harry Truman gave the responsibility to the National Security Resources Board (NSRB). This agency was charged with planning what the country should do in case of war or other great emergency. The NSRB established the Office of Civilian Mobilization (OCM). This meant that states and cities established plans for emergencies under OCM supervision. In 1950 OCM did not find Iowa among the states it considered had done good civil defense planning. (1)		The responsibility for defense planning was under the control of the defense department until 1949. On March 3, 1949, President Harry Truman gave the responsibility to the National Security Resources Board (NSRB). This agency was charged with planning what the country should do in case of war or other great emergency. The NSRB established the Office of Civilian Mobilization (OCM). This meant that states and cities established plans for emergencies under OCM supervision. In 1950 OCM did not find Iowa among the states it considered had done good civil defense planning. (1)

Randylyon at 01:33, 5 June 2017

2017-06-05T01:33:28Z

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	19. "Civil Defense 'Falls Down' On Fallouts," ''Telegraph Herald,'' May 7 1969, p. 10		19. "Civil Defense 'Falls Down' On Fallouts," ''Telegraph Herald,'' May 7 1969, p. 10

	20. Richins, Dave. "Civil Defense Plan Completed," Telegraph Herald, April 29, 1970, p. 4		20. Richins, Dave. "Civil Defense Plan Completed," ''Telegraph Herald'', April 29, 1970, p. 4

	21. "New Attack Alert More Reliable," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 18, 1971, p. 6		21. "New Attack Alert More Reliable," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 18, 1971, p. 6

	22. Tighe, Mike. "In the Aftermath of Early Morning Storm..." Telegraph Herald, July 11, 1971, p. 10		22. Tighe, Mike. "In the Aftermath of Early Morning Storm..." ''Telegraph Herald'', July 11, 1971, p. 10

	23. "Action Line," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 21, 1973, p. 22		23. "Action Line," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 21, 1973, p. 22

Randylyon at 01:33, 5 June 2017

2017-06-05T01:33:02Z

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