BOEPPLE, John - Revision history

Randylyon at 00:24, 8 July 2019

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	3. "Pearls of the Midwest: John Boepple's Story," http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/pearls/midwest4.html		3. "Pearls of the Midwest: John Boepple's Story," http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/pearls/midwest4.html

	4. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," Muscatine (Iowa) Journal, June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm		4. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," ''Muscatine (Iowa) Journal,'' June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm

	5. Hudson, "The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa," p. 53		5. Hudson, "The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa," p. 53

	6. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," Muscatine (Iowa) Journal, June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm		6. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," ''Muscatine (Iowa) Journal'', June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm

	7. Ibid.		7. Ibid.

	8. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," Muscatine (Iowa) Journal, June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm		8. "Founder of Button Industry Succumbs at Local Hospital," ''Muscatine (Iowa) Journal'', June 31, 1912, p. 4 http://iagenweb.org/muscatine/articles/jfboepple.htm

	9. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 53		9. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 53

Randylyon at 00:24, 8 July 2019

2019-07-08T00:24:10Z

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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States ~~for~~ find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States to find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in ~~manufacturing~~ buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advance him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting ~~materials~~ but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's shell-cutter and was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little local interest in manufactured buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advance him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting machines but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's shell-cutter and was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons ~~each year~~. (10)		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons annually. (10)

	Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. To confuse competitors, he purchased unnecessary equipment and chemicals. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple even offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON ~~MANUFACTURERS~~]] opened its business.		Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. To confuse competitors, he purchased unnecessary equipment and chemicals. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple even offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS PEARL BUTTON COMPANY]], a competitor, opened its business.

	Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (12) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (13)		Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (12) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (13)

Randylyon at 22:01, 28 December 2012

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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advance him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advance him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's shell-cutter and was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)

Randylyon at 22:00, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T22:00:48Z

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	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)

	Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.		Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. To confuse competitors, he purchased unnecessary equipment and chemicals. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple even offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.

	Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (12) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (13)		Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (12) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (13)

Randylyon at 21:59, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:59:26Z

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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to ~~advanced~~ him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advance him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this legislative support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)

	Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.		Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.

Randylyon at 21:55, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:55:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 28 December 2012
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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, July 23, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 30, 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advanced him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advanced him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

Randylyon at 21:55, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:55:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 28 December 2012
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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine ~~who~~ advanced him $15.00 to ~~meet the expense of shipping~~ his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical. Mr. Molis traveled to ~~the east coast~~ to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine to advanced him $15.00 to ship his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical--and very popular. Mr. Molis traveled to New Jersey to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's, and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons ~~annually~~. (10) Boepple offered in 1899 to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons each year. (10)

	Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (11) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (12)		Boepple by this time had problems with his partners. He opposed new automation and was certain others were stealing his ideas. (11) As early as 1899 Boepple offered to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.

			Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (12) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (13)

	---		---
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	10. "Pearl Button Capital of the World," Muscatine History and Industry Center, http://www.muscatinehistory.org/pearl_button_industry.html		10. "Pearl Button Capital of the World," Muscatine History and Industry Center, http://www.muscatinehistory.org/pearl_button_industry.html

	11. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031		11. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa,'' p. 53

			12. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031

	12. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 54		13. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 54

	[[Category: Manufacturer]]		[[Category: Manufacturer]]
	[[Category: Inventor]]		[[Category: Inventor]]

Randylyon at 21:48, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:48:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 28 December 2012
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	10. "Pearl Button Capital of the World," Muscatine History and Industry Center, http://www.muscatinehistory.org/pearl_button_industry.html		10. "Pearl Button Capital of the World," Muscatine History and Industry Center, http://www.muscatinehistory.org/pearl_button_industry.html

	10. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031		11. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031

	11. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 54		12. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 54

	[[Category: Manufacturer]]		[[Category: Manufacturer]]
	[[Category: Inventor]]		[[Category: Inventor]]

Randylyon at 21:48, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:48:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 28 December 2012
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	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine who advanced him $15.00 to meet the expense of shipping his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical. Mr. Molis traveled to the east coast to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine who advanced him $15.00 to meet the expense of shipping his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical. Mr. Molis traveled to the east coast to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) Boepple offered in 1899 to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) In 1905 the city produced 1.5 billion pearl buttons annually. (10) Boepple offered in 1899 to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.

	Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (10) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (11)		Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (11) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (12)

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	9. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 53		9. Hudson, ''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'', p. 53

			10. "Pearl Button Capital of the World," Muscatine History and Industry Center, http://www.muscatinehistory.org/pearl_button_industry.html

	10. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031		10. "The Pearl Button Story--Iowa Pathways," http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000031

Randylyon at 21:39, 28 December 2012

2012-12-28T21:39:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:39, 28 December 2012
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	[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)		[[Image:boepple.jpg\|left\|thumb\|350px\|John Boepple established the clam shell button industry along the Mississippi River.]]BOEPPLE, John. (Hamburg, Germany, 1854--Muscatine, IA, Jan. 1912). Boepple learned the family business of manufacturing buttons from horn, shell or other materials in Germany. (1) When tariffs put him out of business, he traveled to the United States for find cheaper shell. In 1887 after several attempts in other rivers, he found the perfect [[MUSSELS]] in the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] near Muscatine, Iowa. (2) These offered an an usually thick layer of mother-of-pearl. (3)

	Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine who advanced him $15.00 to meet the expense of shipping his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (3) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (4) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical. Mr. Molis traveled to the east coast to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (5)		Boepple found little interest in manufacturing buttons from local shell. He finally convinced William Molis of Muscatine who advanced him $15.00 to meet the expense of shipping his crude shell-cutting machine from Columbus Junction to Muscatine. (4) In 1890, after Molis and Boepple had formed a partnership, the McKinley Tariff was passed making imported ocean shell too expensive for buttons. (5) Boepple's plans to use shell from the Mississippi suddenly became economical. Mr. Molis traveled to the east coast to purchase twelve button-cutting materials but found them to be inferior. I. A Kerr invented an improvement to Boepple's and he was brought into the partnership in 1891. (6)

	By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (6) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (7) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (8) Boepple offered in 1899 to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.		By 1897, three hundred people were fishing for mussels between Burlington and Clinton. (7) In that year, Boepple, considered an authority on pearl button manufacturing in the United States, was asked to testify before the House of Representative's Ways and Means Committee. He used the opportunity to support the Dingley Bill which protected American pearl button manufacturers. (8) With this support, button factories opened from St. Paul, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana. Muscatine alone had fifty-three button-cutting shops using over 3,500 tons of shell annually. (9) Boepple offered in 1899 to bring his company to Dubuque if the city would reimburse his moving expense. This, however, never occurred. Instead the [[IROQUOIS BUTTON MANUFACTURERS]] opened its business.

	Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (9) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (10)		Driven from the company he started, Boepple became a buyer of shells for other companies. While visiting Dubuque in 1902, he expressed his alarm at the detrimental effects the industry was having on the supply of mussels in the river. In 1910 he began work for the Fairport Biological Station founded by Congress in 1908 to study ways of re-establishing the population of mussels. (10) Ironically, Boepple later cut his foot on a piece of clam shell and died from the resulting infection. (11)

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