AUTO POLO - Revision history

Randylyon at 02:42, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T02:42:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:42, 30 April 2018
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	[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]		[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]
	~~Motor sport enthusiasts could have read about auto polo in 1913.~~ The first view Dubuque residents may have had of the sport was the [[IOWA STATE FAIR]] in 1914. R. A. Hankinson, a Ford Motor Company representative and the originator of the sport, demonstrated the game with two teams playing under his direction. (1) The event became a regular at the fair for over a decade.		The first view Dubuque residents may have had of the sport was at the [[IOWA STATE FAIR]] in 1914. R. A. Hankinson, a Ford Motor Company representative and the originator of the sport, demonstrated the game with two teams playing under his direction. (1) The event became a regular event at the fair for over a decade.

	[[Image:15bp.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]		[[Image:15bp.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]
	In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)		In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)

	Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." Second and third afternoons and evenings of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6) Although auto polo matches could be found in later years in other places, the sport did not appear to return to Dubuque for many years.		Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car was brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." Second and third afternoons and evenings of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6) Although auto polo matches could be found in later years in other places, the sport did not appear to return to Dubuque for many years.

	Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players ~~largely~~ abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] in June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)		Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players and sponsors abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] on June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)

	Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4		Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4

Randylyon at 04:16, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T04:16:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 8 February 2018
Line 8:		Line 8:
	In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)		In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)

	Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." ~~A second afternoon~~ and ~~evening~~ of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6) Although auto polo matches could be found in later years in other places, the sport did not appear to return to Dubuque for many years.		Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." Second and third afternoons and evenings of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6) Although auto polo matches could be found in later years in other places, the sport did not appear to return to Dubuque for many years.

	Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] in June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)		Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] in June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)

Randylyon at 03:56, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T03:56:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:56, 8 February 2018
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	In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)		In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)

	Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." A second afternoon and evening of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6)		Auto polo returned to Dubuque on August 11, 1916. A reported 1,100 spectators watched the American team defeat the British by a score of 7 to 6. If a car became disabled, a red flag was raised, and a new car brought into the match to replace it. A report of the evening described the "malletman" hanging on the side of the car with one hand and "hitting the oval as though he were playing a game of croquet." A second afternoon and evening of the sport was held on August 12th and August 13th. (5) Since they had performed in 1915, the players had toured in Japan, China and the Philippines. According to [[ADAMS, Eugene\|Eugene ADAMS]] the athletic field committee would receive a percentage of the gate receipts. (6) Although auto polo matches could be found in later years in other places, the sport did not appear to return to Dubuque for many years.

	Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] in June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)		Broken bones, serious internal injuries and even death was not what finally ended the sport. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' declared in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s. The last exhibit of the sport in Dubuque was held at the Dubuque Sports Bowl at the old airport on [[CITY ISLAND]] in June 21-22, 1950 when "championship matches" were held between the U. S. and Great Britain. (7)

Randylyon at 03:50, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T03:50:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:50, 8 February 2018
Line 5:		Line 5:
	Motor sport enthusiasts could have read about auto polo in 1913. The first view Dubuque residents may have had of the sport was the [[IOWA STATE FAIR]] in 1914. R. A. Hankinson, a Ford Motor Company representative and the originator of the sport, demonstrated the game with two teams playing under his direction. (1) The event became a regular at the fair for over a decade.		Motor sport enthusiasts could have read about auto polo in 1913. The first view Dubuque residents may have had of the sport was the [[IOWA STATE FAIR]] in 1914. R. A. Hankinson, a Ford Motor Company representative and the originator of the sport, demonstrated the game with two teams playing under his direction. (1) The event became a regular at the fair for over a decade.

			[[Image:15bp.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]
	In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)		In August, 1915 the sport was displayed four consecutive nights at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]]. The same drivers who appeared at the state fair in 1914 were featured before they again returned to the fair. (2) The contest featured two cars stripped of everything none-essential. Each car was manned by a driver and a second m man who wielded a long mallet used to drive an ordinary basketball across the goal of the opponent. (3) There were five 10-minute periods with little or no delay between them. Enthusiastic promoters suggested that within a couple of years towns would sponsor their own auto polo team and leagues would be formed. (4)

Randylyon at 03:47, 8 February 2018

2018-02-08T03:47:50Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Image:1915dap.png|left|thumb|250px|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]
-Played at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]] from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.
+Motor sport enthusiasts could have read about auto polo in 1913. The first view Dubuque residents may have had of the sport was the [[IOWA STATE FAIR]] in 1914. R. A. Hankinson, a Ford Motor Company representative and the originator of the sport, demonstrated the game with two teams playing under his direction. (1) The event became a regular at the fair for over a decade.
 [[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]

Randylyon at 19:18, 7 February 2018

2018-02-07T19:18:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 7 February 2018
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	[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.		[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.

	[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]Played at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC ~~PARK~~]] from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.		[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]
			Played at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC FIELD]] from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.

	Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4		Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4

	[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]		[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]

Randylyon at 19:18, 7 February 2018

2018-02-07T19:18:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 7 February 2018
Line 2:		Line 2:
	[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.		[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.

	[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]Played ~~in Dubuque originally~~ from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.		[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]Played at the [[DUBUQUE ATHLETIC PARK]] from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.

	Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4		Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4

	[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]		[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]

Randylyon at 19:17, 7 February 2018

2018-02-07T19:17:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 7 February 2018
Line 2:		Line 2:
	[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.		[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.

	Played in Dubuque originally ~~around 1916~~, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.		[[Image:1915dap.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]Played in Dubuque originally from 1915, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.

	Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4		Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4

	[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]		[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]

Randylyon at 19:08, 7 February 2018

2018-02-07T19:08:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 7 February 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:autopolo1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Mashable. Online: https://mashable.com/2015/09/04/auto-polo/#5BgrGApllaqH]]		[[Image:autopolo1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Mashable. Online: https://mashable.com/2015/09/04/auto-polo/#5BgrGApllaqH]]
	[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane."		[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane." A motorsport invented in the United States, the event had rules and equipment similar to equestrian polo using automobiles instead of horses. Popular at fairs, exhibitions and sports venues across the United States and several areas in Europe from 1911 until the late 1920s; it carried the risk of injury and death to the participants and spectators, and expensive damage to vehicles.

	Played in Dubuque originally around 1916, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.		Played in Dubuque originally around 1916, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.

			Auto Polo YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_d03yVC4z4

			[[Category: Athletics-Auto Polo]]

Randylyon at 19:00, 7 February 2018

2018-02-07T19:00:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 7 February 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:autopolo1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Mashable. Online: https://mashable.com/2015/09/04/auto-polo/#5BgrGApllaqH		[[Image:autopolo1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Mashable. Online: https://mashable.com/2015/09/04/auto-polo/#5BgrGApllaqH]]
	[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|~~Photo courtesy: Mashable. Online:~~ AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane."		[[Image:autopolo2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] AUTO POLO. '''Technical World Magazine''' in March 1913 described the sport as combining "all the dangers and excitement of a bullfight, a football game, and a ride in an aeroplane."

	Played in Dubuque originally around 1916, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.		Played in Dubuque originally around 1916, the contest featured two cars per team, with one man driving each car and another man hanging off the running boards with a mallet, swinging at a basketball-sized sphere. As the ''Paterson Daily Press'' in 1902, it was the cost of constantly replacing battered vehicles that led to players largely abandoning the sport by the late 1920s.