Encyclopedia Dubuque - Recent changes [en]

JUNIOR ACHIEVEMENT BUSINESS HALL OF FAME

Randylyon — Mon, 13 Apr 2026 04:27:23 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:27, 13 April 2026
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 36:		Line 36:

	2022--[[GIESE, James\|James GIESE]], [[SPAHN, David W.\|David W. SPAHN]], Jeff Theis		2022--[[GIESE, James\|James GIESE]], [[SPAHN, David W.\|David W. SPAHN]], Jeff Theis

			2023--

			2024--Jeff Mozena of [[PREMIER BANK]], Michael and Stasia Brannon of [[BRANNON MONUMENT COMPANY]], Jim Edwards of [[EDWARDS CAST STONE COMPANY]]

			2025--[[DICKINSON, Richard E. (Rick)\|Richard E. (Rick) DICKINSON]], Tim and Julie Kane, James Kennedy,

	---		---

KUNNERT, Sharon

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:37:56 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 11 April 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	KUNNERT, Sharon. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 9, 1950--Oak Brook, IL, Mar. 9, 2026) Sharon Melita “Deetsy” Kunnert was the second of ten children. She graduated from [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] in 1968. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Iowa in Food and Nutrition Dietetics and became a registered dietitian. While at Iowa she played on the ~~Women’s Tennis Team~~. She began her professional career at University Hospitals in Madison, Wisconsin. Se practiced dietetics with care and dedication.		KUNNERT, Sharon. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 9, 1950--Oak Brook, IL, Mar. 9, 2026) Sharon Melita “Deetsy” Kunnert was the second of ten children. She graduated from [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] in 1968. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Iowa in Food and Nutrition Dietetics and became a registered dietitian. While at Iowa, she played on the women’s tennis team. She began her professional career at University Hospitals in Madison, Wisconsin. Se practiced dietetics with care and dedication.

	Sharon later followed her passion for tennis and became a tennis professional, teaching for many years at The Woodlands in Huston, Texas. >a strong interest in interior design, working for several high-end furniture retailers, most notably Marshall Field’s in Chicago, where she combined her eye for beauty with her warm personality.		Sharon later followed her passion for tennis and became a tennis professional, teaching for many years at The Woodlands in Huston, Texas. >a strong interest in interior design, working for several high-end furniture retailers, most notably Marshall Field’s in Chicago, where she combined her eye for beauty with her warm personality.

	Sharon had a deep appreciation for the arts, sports, travel, gardening, and flowers. She was an intellectual and an avid, passionate reader, with a particular love for history. One of the most cherished experiences of her life was traveling to Europe with her beloved mother, Letty, where they explored their family heritage. Along the way, they were guided by her mother’s dear brother, Elmer May, (US Army stationed in Germany)~~, creating memories that Sharon treasured always~~.		Sharon had a deep appreciation for the arts, sports, travel, gardening, and flowers. She was an intellectual and an avid, passionate reader, with a particular love for history. One of the most cherished experiences of her life was traveling to Europe with her beloved mother, Letty, where they explored their family heritage. Along the way, they were guided by her mother’s dear brother, Elmer May, (US Army stationed in Germany).

	In her later years, Sharon continued to give back to her community by driving disabled children in the Oak Brook and greater Chicago area, a role she carried out with kindness and compassion ~~up until the end of her life~~.		In her later years, Sharon continued to give back to her community by driving disabled children in the Oak Brook and greater Chicago area, a role she carried out with kindness and compassion.

	---		---
Line 13:		Line 13:
	Dubuque Obits		Dubuque Obits

	[[Category: Humanitarian]		[[Category: Humanitarian]]
			[[Category: Athletics--Tennis]]

KUNNERT, Sharon

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:30:09 GMT

Created page with "KUNNERT, Sharon. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 9, 1950--Oak Brook, IL, Mar. 9, 2026) Sharon Melita “Deetsy” Kunnert was the second of ten children. She graduated from WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL in 1968. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Iowa in Food and Nutrition Dietetics and became a registered dietitian. While at Iowa she played on the Women’s Tennis Team. She began her professional career at University Hospitals in Madison, Wisconsin. S..."

New page

KUNNERT, Sharon. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 9, 1950--Oak Brook, IL, Mar. 9, 2026) Sharon Melita “Deetsy” Kunnert was the second of ten children. She graduated from [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] in 1968. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Iowa in Food and Nutrition Dietetics and became a registered dietitian. While at Iowa she played on the Women’s Tennis Team. She began her professional career at University Hospitals in Madison, Wisconsin. Se practiced dietetics with care and dedication.

Sharon later followed her passion for tennis and became a tennis professional, teaching for many years at The Woodlands in Huston, Texas. >a strong interest in interior design, working for several high-end furniture retailers, most notably Marshall Field’s in Chicago, where she combined her eye for beauty with her warm personality.

Sharon had a deep appreciation for the arts, sports, travel, gardening, and flowers. She was an intellectual and an avid, passionate reader, with a particular love for history. One of the most cherished experiences of her life was traveling to Europe with her beloved mother, Letty, where they explored their family heritage. Along the way, they were guided by her mother’s dear brother, Elmer May, (US Army stationed in Germany), creating memories that Sharon treasured always.

In her later years, Sharon continued to give back to her community by driving disabled children in the Oak Brook and greater Chicago area, a role she carried out with kindness and compassion up until the end of her life.

---

Source:

Dubuque Obits

[[Category: Humanitarian]

HAPP, Robert

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:08:41 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 11 April 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:~~Images~~\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Dubuque Obituaries]]HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist (Ed.S) degree from Western Illinois University. Settling in Dubuque area in 1971, he was the Chair of the English Department of [[STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD HIGH for 59 years and then taught at the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]] until 2022.		[[Image:Happ.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Dubuque Obituaries]]HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist (Ed.S) degree from Western Illinois University. Settling in Dubuque area in 1971, he was the Chair of the English Department of [[STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD HIGH SCHOOL]]for 59 years and then taught at the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]] until 2022.

	During his 55 years of membership in the [[FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH]], he was a served on the leadership Board with nearly half of that time as Financial Secretary. He was a three-time Worshipful Master of his Masonic Lodge, Mosaic #125, and took great care in stewarding its scholarship program.		During his 55 years of membership in the [[FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH]], he was a served on the leadership Board with nearly half of that time as Financial Secretary. He was a three-time Worshipful Master of his Masonic Lodge, Mosaic #125, and took great care in stewarding its scholarship program.

File:Happ.jpg

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:06:57 GMT

Randylyon uploaded File:Happ.jpg

New page

HAPP, Robert

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:05:42 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 11 April 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist (Ed.S) degree from Western Illinois University. Settling in Dubuque area in 1971, he was the Chair of the English Department of [[STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD HIGH for 59 years and then taught at the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]] until 2022.		[[Image:Images\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Dubuque Obituaries]]HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist (Ed.S) degree from Western Illinois University. Settling in Dubuque area in 1971, he was the Chair of the English Department of [[STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD HIGH for 59 years and then taught at the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]] until 2022.

	During his 55 years of membership in the [[FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH]], he was a served on the leadership Board with nearly half of that time as Financial Secretary. He was a three-time Worshipful Master of his Masonic Lodge, Mosaic #125, and took great care in stewarding its scholarship program.		During his 55 years of membership in the [[FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH]], he was a served on the leadership Board with nearly half of that time as Financial Secretary. He was a three-time Worshipful Master of his Masonic Lodge, Mosaic #125, and took great care in stewarding its scholarship program.
Line 12:		Line 12:


	[[Category: Educator]		[[Category: Educator]]
	[[Category: Civil Rights]]		[[Category: Civil Rights]]

HAPP, Robert

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:02:00 GMT

Created page with "HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist..."

New page

HAPP, Robert. (Rochester, NY, Nov. 4, 1941--Asbury, IA, April 5, 2026). The oldest of five children of Earl and Ruth (Vick) Happ, Robert was a 1959 graduate of the former Webster Central School. He earned his undergraduate degree at Ottawa University in Kansas in 1963 and after completing a Master’s Degree at the University of Iowa and the State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, he began on a 59-year teaching career in Iowa. He earned an Education Specialist (Ed.S) degree from Western Illinois University. Settling in Dubuque area in 1971, he was the Chair of the English Department of [[STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD HIGH for 59 years and then taught at the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]] until 2022.

During his 55 years of membership in the [[FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH]], he was a served on the leadership Board with nearly half of that time as Financial Secretary. He was a three-time Worshipful Master of his Masonic Lodge, Mosaic #125, and took great care in stewarding its scholarship program.

Bob’s definition of “community” also extended beyond his immediate surroundings to people he had never met. In the mid 1960s, he was arrested and jailed in the heart of Mississippi for protesting against efforts to keep African Americans from voting. He and a handful of friends had originally traveled south with thousands of books to establish a “freedom library” for black citizens prevented from entering the local libraries.

---

Source:

1. Dubuque Obituaries, Online.

[[Category: Educator]
[[Category: Civil Rights]]

TRAFFIC CAMERAS

Randylyon — Sat, 11 Apr 2026 18:41:16 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 11 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	TRAFFIC CAMERAS. By a 6-1 vote, members of the Dubuque City Council voted to approve forward with the use of cameras to track license plates on vehicles moving around the city.		TRAFFIC CAMERAS. By a 6-1 vote, members of the Dubuque City Council in 2023 voted to approve forward with the use of cameras to track license plates on vehicles moving around the city.

	The license plate reader system would include twenty-two cameras distributed throughout the community at nine major intersections and entrances into the city. These cameras would record and track the license plate data but would not have the ability to detect vehicle speed. Police would be able to this this information in criminal investigations to run searches of license plates through the system and partially track when and where a vehicle moved through the city. The council had previous approved $73,000 for the implementation of the system, but wanted more information on how the readers would operate.		The license plate reader system would include twenty-two cameras distributed throughout the community at nine major intersections and entrances into the city. These cameras would record and track the license plate data but would not have the ability to detect vehicle speed. Police would be able to this this information in criminal investigations to run searches of license plates through the system and partially track when and where a vehicle moved through the city. The council had previous approved $73,000 for the implementation of the system, but wanted more information on how the readers would operate.
Line 6:		Line 6:

	On roads with a speed limit less than 45 miles per hour and undivided highways with a 45 mph speed liits, fines began for vehicles detected traveling at least 11 mph over the speed limit. Pm divided highways when a speed limit of 45 mph or higher, fines started after vehicles had exceeded the limit by at least 16 mph. (2)		On roads with a speed limit less than 45 miles per hour and undivided highways with a 45 mph speed liits, fines began for vehicles detected traveling at least 11 mph over the speed limit. Pm divided highways when a speed limit of 45 mph or higher, fines started after vehicles had exceeded the limit by at least 16 mph. (2)

			In 2026 Dubuque Engineering Department began installing message boards to give motorists information about traffic across the city. These "smart boards" were a small and low-tech part of an effort to create a smart grid with traffic cameras, signals, and computer monitoring to optimize traffic flow especially heavily-traffic corridors including Dodge Street. Boards were placed on U.S. 20 entering Dubuque from the west and at the foot of the [[JULIEN DUBUQUE BRIDGE]]. An additional ten boards were to be placed at intersections that were heavily used.

	---		---
Line 14:		Line 16:

	2. "Biggest Local News Stories of 2023," ''Telegraph Herald'', January 2, 2024, p. 1A		2. "Biggest Local News Stories of 2023," ''Telegraph Herald'', January 2, 2024, p. 1A

			3. Gray, Chris, "Dubuque's Smart Grid Moves Ahead Despite Setbacks," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 20, 2026, p. 1


	[[Category: Transportation]]		[[Category: Transportation]]

OLD FASHION SALOON

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:35:41 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	OLD FASHION SALOON. The 1982 and 1983 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 1027 Rhomberg.		OLD FASHION SALOON. The 1982 and 1983 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 1027 Rhomberg.

	[[Category: Bar]]		[[Category: Bar]]

GEORGE J. KRESS

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:15:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	GEORGE J. KRESS. The 1899-1900 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 214 Eagle Point Avenue.		GEORGE J. KRESS. The 1899-1900 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 214 Eagle Point Avenue.

	The 1913 ''Dubuque and Dubuque County Directory'' through the 1918 ''Dubuque and East Dubuque Directory'' stated that this business was located at 797 Rhomberg.		The 1913 '''Dubuque and Dubuque County Directory''' through the 1918 '''Dubuque and East Dubuque Directory''' stated that this business was located at 797 Rhomberg.

	The 1922 and 1923 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 731 Rhomberg.		The 1922 and 1923 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 731 Rhomberg.


	[[Category: Meat Market]]		[[Category: Meat Market]]

JAMES SOMMERS

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:14:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	JAMES SOMMERS. The 1870-1871 ''Dubuque City Directory'' stated that this business was located on the west side of Locust between 1st and Jones.		JAMES SOMMERS. The 1870-1871 '''Dubuque City Directory''' stated that this business was located on the west side of Locust between 1st and Jones.

	[[Category: Grocery]]		[[Category: Grocery]]

RETTENBERGER, Wendelin

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:13:33 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	RETTENBERGER, Wendelin. (Stauffen Bavaria, Germany, Mar. 30, 1899-Dubuque, IA, Aug. 11, 1987). Rettenberger worked for the Dubuque Park Department from 1924 to 1952. He was one of the three main assistants of [[CALDWELL, Alfred\|Alfred CALDWELL]] in the development of [[EAGLE POINT PARK]]. In 1934 he was appointed the acting superintendent of parks and was made superintendent in 1936 when Caldwell was dismissed.		RETTENBERGER, Wendelin. (Stauffen Bavaria, Germany, Mar. 30, 1899--Dubuque, IA, Aug. 11, 1987). Rettenberger worked for the Dubuque Park Department from 1924 to 1952. He was one of the three main assistants of [[CALDWELL, Alfred\|Alfred CALDWELL]] in the development of [[EAGLE POINT PARK]]. In 1934 he was appointed the acting superintendent of parks and was made superintendent in 1936 when Caldwell was dismissed.

	Rettenberger helped establish the "peony trail", and landscaping of the urban renewal area. With his wife, Thekla, he started [[RETTENBERGER TREE AND LANDSCAPE SERVICE]] in 1952.		Rettenberger helped establish the "peony trail", and landscaping of the urban renewal area. With his wife, Thekla, he started [[RETTENBERGER TREE AND LANDSCAPE SERVICE]] in 1952.

BLOSCH, Milton H.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:12:48 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 5 April 2026
Line 16:		Line 16:

	[[Category: Civic Leader]]		[[Category: Civic Leader]]
			[[Category: Ancestry]]

C. T. MULLER

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:10:47 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	C. T. MULLER. The 1880 ''Dubuque City Directory'' indicated that this business was located at 1330 Clay.		C. T. MULLER. The 1880 '''Dubuque City Directory''' indicated that this business was located at 1330 Clay.

	[[Category: Billiards/Pool]]		[[Category: Billiards/Pool]]

TSCHIRGI, Matthew Jr.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:10:18 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:10, 5 April 2026
Line 22:		Line 22:

	[[Category: Surveyors and Civil Engineers]]		[[Category: Surveyors and Civil Engineers]]
			[[Category: Ancestry]]

HARRIS, Ray R.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:07:16 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:07, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	HARRIS, Ray R. (~~Unknown~~-Dubuque, IA, Aug. 24, 1970). Harris, the first Iowa member of the American College of Surgeons, opened his practice in 1908. He served as the local surgeon for the Chicago-Burlington-Quincy Railroad (1909-1960), local surgeon for the Chicago Great Western (1914-1933), and district surgeon of the Illinois Central Railroad (1914-1960).		HARRIS, Ray R. (Decatur, IL, May 25, 1884--Dubuque, IA, Aug. 24, 1970). Harris, the first Iowa member of the American College of Surgeons, opened his practice in 1908. He served as the local surgeon for the Chicago-Burlington-Quincy Railroad (1909-1960), local surgeon for the Chicago Great Western (1914-1933), and district surgeon of the Illinois Central Railroad (1914-1960).

	Harris also served as physician for [[INTERSTATE POWER COMPANY]] from 1914 to 1950 and for the United States Employees Commission from 1915 to 1960. He was president of the Iowa Clinical Surgeons Society and the Dubuque Medical Association.		Harris also served as physician for [[INTERSTATE POWER COMPANY]] from 1914 to 1950 and for the United States Employees Commission from 1915 to 1960. He was president of the Iowa Clinical Surgeons Society and the Dubuque Medical Association.

	[[Category: Physician]]		[[Category: Physician]]

DIETRICH MEGGENBURG

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:04:45 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:04, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	DIETRICH MEGGENBURG. The 1884-1885 and 1886-87 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed the east side of Broadway north of Diagonal ~~as the address~~.		DIETRICH MEGGENBURG. The 1884-1885 and 1886-87 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed the east side of Broadway north of Diagonal.

	The 1899-1900 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed Broadway Extension.		The 1899-1900 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed Broadway Extension.

	[[Category: Brick Manufacturer]]		[[Category: Brick Manufacturer]]

THOMAS, Jerome "J.T." "Jerry"

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:56:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:56, 5 April 2026
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:ThomasJ.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|]]THOMAS, Jerome "J.T" "Jerry" (Alexander City, AL, July 31, 1951--Dubuque, IA Nov. 11, 2010). Thomas was one of the founders of ~~Rock of Ages Missionary Baptist Church~~ in Dubuque. He served as commissioner for the Status of African-Americans for the state of Iowa and vice-president of the local chapter of the [[NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N.A.A.C.P.)]]. Thomas was also a board member of the Substance Abuse Services and was part of the Back on Track mentoring program though the Department of Correctional Services for young African-American men.		[[Image:ThomasJ.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|]]THOMAS, Jerome "J.T" "Jerry" (Alexander City, AL, July 31, 1951--Dubuque, IA, Nov. 11, 2010). Thomas was one of the founders of [[ROCK OF AGES BAPTIST CHURCH]] in Dubuque. He served as commissioner for the Status of African-Americans for the state of Iowa and vice-president of the local chapter of the [[NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N.A.A.C.P.)]]. Thomas was also a board member of the Substance Abuse Services and was part of the Back on Track mentoring program though the Department of Correctional Services for young African-American men.

	Thomas started the Stone Soul Men city league basketball team and played on a city league baseball team. He was employed thirty-five years at the [[JOHN DEERE DUBUQUE WORKS]] where he was a supervisor.		Thomas started the Stone Soul Men city league basketball team and played on a city league baseball team. He was employed thirty-five years at the [[JOHN DEERE DUBUQUE WORKS]] where he was a supervisor.

CENTRAL GARAGE

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:52:07 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:52, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	CENTRAL GARAGE. The 1916-1917 ''White's Dubuque County Directory'' listed 125 7th ~~as the address~~ .		CENTRAL GARAGE. The 1916-1917 '''White's Dubuque County Directory''' listed 125 7th.

	The 1923 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 650 Central		The 1923 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 650 Central.



	[[Category: Garages]]		[[Category: Garages]]

NESLER APARTMENTS

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:51:17 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:nesler-diamond.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|2012 Photo]]NESLER APARTMENTS. The 1977 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 1030 W. 5th.		[[Image:nesler-diamond.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|2012 Photo]]NESLER APARTMENTS. The 1977 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 1030 W. 5th.

	In 2012 they were called the Diamond Apartments.		In 2012 they were called the Diamond Apartments.

	[[Category: Apartments and Town Houses]]		[[Category: Apartments and Town Houses]]

LEWIS, R. W.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:49:15 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	LEWIS, R. W. (MA-Dubuque, IA, 1869). Lewis was one of only three doctors serving Dubuque in 1846. Moving west to Galena in 1828, Lewis fought in the [[BLACK HAWK WAR]] and then returned east to study medicine. He moved back to the Midwest in 1844 and settled in Dubuque. Lewis maintained an office in the ~~Western Hotel~~ on Sixth and Main [[STREETS]] until his death.		LEWIS, R. W. (MA-Dubuque, IA, 1869). Lewis was one of only three doctors serving Dubuque in 1846. Moving west to Galena in 1828, Lewis fought in the [[BLACK HAWK WAR]] and then returned east to study medicine. He moved back to the Midwest in 1844 and settled in Dubuque. Lewis maintained an office in the [[WESTERN HOTEL]] on Sixth and Main [[STREETS]] until his death.

	[[Category: Physician]]		[[Category: Physician]]

ROMAN CATHOLIC MUTUAL PROTECTIVE SOCIETY OF IOWA

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:47:53 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 5 April 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 2:		Line 2:
	[[Image:werner2.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]ROMAN CATHOLIC MUTUAL PROTECTIVE SOCIETY OF IOWA. The Roman Catholic Mutual Protective Society of Iowa, organized at Iowa City, Iowa on May 21, 1873, but it was not until November, 1879 when similar organizations joined with it that the organization became strong. It had two branches in Dubuque. (1) Branch No. 1 met the first Tuesday of each month. Branch 2 met quarterly.		[[Image:werner2.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]ROMAN CATHOLIC MUTUAL PROTECTIVE SOCIETY OF IOWA. The Roman Catholic Mutual Protective Society of Iowa, organized at Iowa City, Iowa on May 21, 1873, but it was not until November, 1879 when similar organizations joined with it that the organization became strong. It had two branches in Dubuque. (1) Branch No. 1 met the first Tuesday of each month. Branch 2 met quarterly.

	The organization provided "mutual assistance to the members and families and aid in the support of widows or heirs of deceased members." Members of the organization had to be ~~been~~ 18 and 50 years of age, "healthy in body and mind," and recommended by the parish priest or by a practicing physician. Initiation fees paid the expense fund. The fees ranged from $1.00 for 18-35, $1.50 ages 35-45; $2.00 ages 45-50; and five cents above the dollar paid at the time of a death of a member. A beneficiary fund assessed $1.00 at the time of initiation and $1.00 upon the death of a member. A member's heirs were paid $2,000 when the number of members reached 2,000. Until then the family would receive the amount resulting from the assessment of $1 per member. (2)		The organization provided "mutual assistance to the members and families and aid in the support of widows or heirs of deceased members." Members of the organization had to be between 18 and 50 years of age, "healthy in body and mind," and recommended by the parish priest or by a practicing physician. Initiation fees paid the expense fund. The fees ranged from $1.00 for 18-35, $1.50 ages 35-45; $2.00 ages 45-50; and five cents above the dollar paid at the time of a death of a member. A beneficiary fund assessed $1.00 at the time of initiation and $1.00 upon the death of a member. A member's heirs were paid $2,000 when the number of members reached 2,000. Until then the family would receive the amount resulting from the assessment of $1 per member. (2)

	By 1890 there were sixty-eight branches with Dubuque having three. The total membership was 2,000. (3) In 1899 the state organization could claim 3,447 members and a reserve fund of $26,734.85. During the twenty years of its existence, the organization ~~had~~ paid $600,000 to the family of deceased members. (4)		By 1890 there were sixty-eight branches with Dubuque having three. The total membership was 2,000. (3) In 1899 the state organization could claim 3,447 members and a reserve fund of $26,734.85. During the twenty years of its existence, the organization paid $600,000 to the family of deceased members. (4)

	~~In 1926 officials of the organization denied that the organization had been merged with the Brotherhood of American Yeomen. (5)~~

	---		---
Line 20:		Line 19:
	4. "City Briefs," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 22, 1899, p. 5		4. "City Briefs," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 22, 1899, p. 5

	~~5. "Merger Denied by Catholic Society," ''Telegraph-Herald'', November 29, 1926, p. 1~~



	[[Category: Benevolent Societies]]		[[Category: Benevolent Societies]]

E. F. BLACKWEDEL

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:39:50 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	E. F. BLACKWEDEL. The 1874-1875 ''Dubuque City Directory'' stated that this business was located at the west end of 14th.		E. F. BLACKWEDEL. The 1874-1875 '''Dubuque City Directory''' stated that this business was located at the west end of 14th.

	[[Category: Dress/Cloak Makers]]		[[Category: Dress/Cloak Makers]]

JOHN HOLLINGSWORTH

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:34:36 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:34, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	JOHN HOLLINGSWORTH. The 1886-87 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 531 Main.		JOHN HOLLINGSWORTH. The 1886-87 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 531 Main.

	[[Category: Bar]]		[[Category: Bar]]

DUBUQUE FAST PITCH HALL OF FAME

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:11:31 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:11, 5 April 2026
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 63:		Line 63:


			[[Image:bbuelow.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]









	~~[[Image:bbuelow.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]~~


Line 1,243:		Line 1,237:


	~~Dave Ludovissy~~ played fast pitch for more than forty years and worked the center field for such teams as Jack Noel's Tap, Fireside Credit, Dave's Point After, and Antonio's. He played in several national tournaments for Holland Plumbing.		[[LUDOVISSY, David A.\|David A. LUDOVISSY]] played fast pitch for more than forty years and worked the center field for such teams as Jack Noel's Tap, Fireside Credit, Dave's Point After, and Antonio's. He played in several national tournaments for Holland Plumbing.

LUDOVISSY, David A.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:06:41 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 5 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	LUDOVISSY, David A. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 19, 1950--Apr. 2, 2026). The son of Art and Clara (Hefel) Ludovissy, Davidd attended [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] and [[LORAS COLLEGE]]. On November 23, 1972, Dave married Ann (Kennedy).		LUDOVISSY, David A. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 19, 1950--Apr. 2, 2026). The son of Art and Clara (Hefel) Ludovissy, Davidd attended [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] and [[LORAS COLLEGE]]. On November 23, 1972, Dave married Ann (Kennedy).

	Dave’s professional life started as a Blue Star Potato Chip delivery driver and continued at Prudential Life Insurance. In 1985, Dave took a leap of faith and opened his own independent insurance agency. Through integrity, hard work, and genuine care, Dave built the agency into ~~[[LUDOVISSY AND ASSOCIATES]]~~.		Dave’s professional life started as a Blue Star Potato Chip delivery driver and continued at Prudential Life Insurance. In 1985, Dave took a leap of faith and opened his own independent insurance agency. Through integrity, hard work, and genuine care, Dave built the agency into Ludovissy and Associates.

	He served on the Hospice of Dubuque Board and Foundation and was a faithful member of [[ST. JOSEPH THE WORKER CATHOLIC CHURCH]] and served on the parish council.		He served on the Hospice of Dubuque Board and Foundation and was a faithful member of [[ST. JOSEPH THE WORKER CATHOLIC CHURCH]] and served on the parish council.

LUDOVISSY, David A.

Randylyon — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:05:20 GMT

Created page with "LUDOVISSY, David A. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 19, 1950--Apr. 2, 2026). The son of Art and Clara (Hefel) Ludovissy, Davidd attended WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL and LORAS COLLEGE. On November 23, 1972, Dave married Ann (Kennedy). Dave’s professional life started as a Blue Star Potato Chip delivery driver and continued at Prudential Life Insurance. In 1985, Dave took a leap of faith and opened his own independent insurance agency. Through integrity, hard work, and gen..."

New page

LUDOVISSY, David A. (Dubuque, IA, Feb. 19, 1950--Apr. 2, 2026). The son of Art and Clara (Hefel) Ludovissy, Davidd attended [[WAHLERT CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL]] and [[LORAS COLLEGE]]. On November 23, 1972, Dave married Ann (Kennedy).

Dave’s professional life started as a Blue Star Potato Chip delivery driver and continued at Prudential Life Insurance. In 1985, Dave took a leap of faith and opened his own independent insurance agency. Through integrity, hard work, and genuine care, Dave built the agency into [[LUDOVISSY AND ASSOCIATES]].

He served on the Hospice of Dubuque Board and Foundation and was a faithful member of [[ST. JOSEPH THE WORKER CATHOLIC CHURCH]] and served on the parish council.

Sports were Dave’s true second career. He loved playing them, watching them, coaching them, and offering enthusiastic (and sometimes unsolicited) commentary. Over the years, he played on numerous slow‑pitch and fast‑pitch softball teams and spent many seasons competing in league basketball. His love of fast‑pitch softball extended well beyond the field, earning him induction into the [[DUBUQUE FAST PITCH HALL OF FAME]]., He later served as president for several years, continuing to support and promote the game he loved. Dave coached Independent League Baseball, traveling baseball teams for his sons, and freshman basketball at Wahlert. In later years, he became his grandchildren’s biggest fan, rarely missing a dance recital, game, meet, or match. .

---

Source:

Dubuque Obits. Online

[[Category: Business Leader]]
[[Category: Athletics-Baseball]]

DUBUQUE ACADEMY OF MUSIC

Randylyon — Sat, 04 Apr 2026 20:57:15 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:57, 4 April 2026
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5:		Line 5:
	[[Image:kleine.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Professor and Mrs. A. C. Kleine. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]By 1882, the school had 172 pupils and departments of vocal music and violin were added. The school's founders were succeeded by Miss Rosa L. Kerr and Miss Anna M. Piatt in June 1887.		[[Image:kleine.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Professor and Mrs. A. C. Kleine. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]By 1882, the school had 172 pupils and departments of vocal music and violin were added. The school's founders were succeeded by Miss Rosa L. Kerr and Miss Anna M. Piatt in June 1887.

	In 1890, A.C. Kleine, a native of Dubuque, became the school's director. He moved the Academy to a larger building at 1027 Main and hired more staff. Students could receive private as well as class lessons. Recitals, the St. Cecilia Club and an excellent musical library were considered important factors in the success of the school. The St. Cecilia Club, named for the patron saint of ~~Music~~, was an organization for the more advanced students to study the history of music and general musical literature. (2) Special recitals of the Club's members were given annually. There was also a Junior St. Cecilia Club for pupils in the elementary and intermediate grades.		In 1890, A.C. Kleine, a native of Dubuque, became the school's director. He moved the Academy to a larger building at 1027 Main and hired more staff. Students could receive private as well as class lessons. Recitals, the St. Cecilia Club and an excellent musical library were considered important factors in the success of the school. The St. Cecilia Club, named for the patron saint of music, was an organization for the more advanced students to study the history of music and general musical literature. (2) Special recitals of the Club's members were given annually. There was also a Junior St. Cecilia Club for pupils in the elementary and intermediate grades.

	[[Image:imp967.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Brochure of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]The 1890-91 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed the corner of 9th and Main. At that time, $6.00 was charged for twenty-four half-hour lessons. (3) The 1913 ''Dubuque and Dubuque County Directory'' and the 1923 ''Dubuque City Directory'' stated that this business was located at 1027 Main.		[[Image:imp967.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Brochure of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]The 1890-91 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed the corner of 9th and Main. At that time, $6.00 was charged for twenty-four half-hour lessons. (3) The 1913 '''Dubuque and Dubuque County Directory''' and the 1923 '''Dubuque City Directory''' stated that this business was located at 1027 Main.

	Encouraging local interest in music, the Academy could claim some credit for establishing the ~~Dubuque Choral Club~~, ~~Dubuque Maennerchor~~, Germania ~~Band~~, Friday Music Club, and the Schroeder Symphony Orchestra. After the death of Kleine in 1939, the Academy moved to the campus of the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]].		Encouraging local interest in music, the Academy could claim some credit for establishing the [[DUBUQUE CHORAL CLUB]], [[DUBUQUE MAENNERCHOR]], Germania Club, Friday Music Club, and the Schroeder Symphony Orchestra. After the death of Kleine in 1939, the Academy moved to the campus of the [[UNIVERSITY OF DUBUQUE]].
	[[Image:Dubuque Academy of Music 1918.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo of the 1918 graduating class of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Rachel Harpham]]		[[Image:Dubuque Academy of Music 1918.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo of the 1918 graduating class of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Rachel Harpham]]
	[[Image:Dubuque Music Academy 1918 Graduation.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Brochure of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Rachel Harpham]]		[[Image:Dubuque Music Academy 1918 Graduation.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Brochure of the Dubuque Academy of Music. Photo courtesy: Rachel Harpham]]

IOWA WINTER GAMES

Randylyon — Sat, 04 Apr 2026 20:36:07 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:36, 4 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	IOWA WINTER GAMES. In June 1991 it was announced that Dubuque would host the first Iowa Winter Games. Scheduled for January 24-26,1992, the games were an extension of the five years of successful summer games organized as the Iowa Games Annual Sports Festival. Competition in the first year's winter games were limited to alpine and Nordic skiing, figure skating, indoor soccer, and ice hockey. Events were scheduled for [[SUNDOWN MOUNTAIN]] ski area, various gymnasiums in Dubuque, and the ~~Five Flags~~ arena.		IOWA WINTER GAMES. In June 1991 it was announced that Dubuque would host the first Iowa Winter Games. Scheduled for January 24-26,1992, the games were an extension of the five years of successful summer games organized as the Iowa Games Annual Sports Festival. Competition in the first year's winter games were limited to alpine and Nordic skiing, figure skating, indoor soccer, and ice hockey. Events were scheduled for [[SUNDOWN MOUNTAIN]] ski area, various gymnasiums in Dubuque, and the [[FIVE FLAGS CIVIC CENTER]] arena.

	[[File:wintergames1.png\|350px\|thumb\|left\|Map of 2004 locations for different sports. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]The Iowa Winter Games in 2008 were estimated to attract 3,000 participants and result in $1.5 million dollars to the local economy of Dubuque. Held from January 23-25, the events in Dubuque included ice hockey for youth, swimming, basketball for youth, dodge ball, indoor soccer, volleyball, cross country skiing, fitness walk, and [[TABLE TENNIS]]. Snowboarding and downhill skiing were held at Sundown Mountain on January 31st and February 1st.		[[File:wintergames1.png\|350px\|thumb\|left\|Map of 2004 locations for different sports. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]The Iowa Winter Games in 2008 were estimated to attract 3,000 participants and result in $1.5 million dollars to the local economy of Dubuque. Held from January 23-25, the events in Dubuque included ice hockey for youth, swimming, basketball for youth, dodge ball, indoor soccer, volleyball, cross country skiing, fitness walk, and [[TABLE TENNIS]]. Snowboarding and downhill skiing were held at Sundown Mountain on January 31st and February 1st.

	In 2017 the Winter Games, which began with 500 athletes, had 4,000 participating with Dubuque the host for 12 competitions at 14 different sites. On January 28 the city's events included alpine ski racing, girls' basketball, fitness walking, ice hockey, indoor soccer, martial arts, swimming, table tennis and volleyball. The following day's schedule included boys basketball, [[PICKLEBALL]], road racing and Zumba. The Games in 2016 included ages from the youngest competitor, a 4-year-old figure skater, to the oldest, an 84-year old horseshoe thrower. (1)		In 2017 the Winter Games, which began with 500 athletes, had 4,000 participating with Dubuque the host for 12 competitions at 14 different sites. On January 28th the city's events included alpine ski racing, girls' basketball, fitness walking, ice hockey, indoor soccer, martial arts, swimming, table tennis and volleyball. The following day's schedule included boys basketball, [[PICKLEBALL]], road racing and Zumba. The Games in 2016 included ages from the youngest competitor, a 4-year-old figure skater, to the oldest, an 84-year old horseshoe thrower. (1)

	By 2005, the Winter Games played an important role in table tennis. Because there were few table tennis competitions in Iowa, it was difficult for players to perform at the championship level. To enter championship level table tennis, a person had to compete in sanctioned tournaments such as e Winter Games. (2)		By 2005, the Winter Games played an important role in table tennis. Because there were few table tennis competitions in Iowa, it was difficult for players to perform at the championship level. To enter championship level table tennis, a person had to compete in sanctioned tournaments such as the Winter Games. (2)

	An estimated 250 athletes arrived in Dubuque on January 13, 2020 for the 34th annual Special Olympics Winter Games. Events over two days were scheduled for Sundown Mountain, [[MYSTIQUE COMMUNITY ICE CENTER]], and Camp Albrecht Acres. (3)		An estimated 250 athletes arrived in Dubuque on January 13, 2020 for the 34th annual Special Olympics Winter Games. Events over two days were scheduled for Sundown Mountain, [[MYSTIQUE COMMUNITY ICE CENTER]], and Camp Albrecht Acres. (3)

E. BLAKE

Randylyon — Sat, 04 Apr 2026 20:33:13 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:33, 4 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	E. BLAKE. The 1878-79 ''Dubuque City Directory'' listed 208 Julien Avenue.		E. BLAKE. The 1878-79 '''Dubuque City Directory''' listed 208 Julien Avenue.

	[[Category: Bar]]		[[Category: Bar]]

OLSON, Christine Happ

Randylyon — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 18:22:44 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 1 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:CHO1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]OLSON, Christine Happ ( ). ~~In 2019 officials of the City of Dubuque named Christine Happ Olson to join the board of Trustees for the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area (SSNHA). (1)~~ In 2003 ~~Four Mounds~~, then under her leadership, was named one of the first partners in the Silos and Smokestakes National Heritage Area. Her ~~following~~ sixteen years as the Executive Director of the Four Mounds provided her experience in historic preservation, planning, housing, local foods, and youth development. She had also served on the SSNHA Interpretive and Educational Signage Committee and assisted SSNHA with the partner program evaluation process. In 2019 Christine Happ Olson, the assistant planner in the City’s planning services department, served as staff to the City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission and the Long-Range Planning Commission.		[[Image:CHO1.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]OLSON, Christine Happ ( ). In 2003 [[FOUR MOUNDS]], then under her leadership, was named one of the first partners in the Silos and Smokestakes National Heritage Area. Her sixteen years as the Executive Director of the Four Mounds provided her experience in historic preservation, planning, housing, local foods, and youth development. She had also served on the SSNHA Interpretive and Educational Signage Committee and assisted SSNHA with the partner program evaluation process. In 2019 Christine Happ Olson, the assistant planner in the City’s planning services department, served as staff to the City of Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission and the Long-Range Planning Commission.

	Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area was created to preserve and present the story of American agriculture -- past, present and future. SSNHA ~~has~~ 119 partner sites throughout its 37-county region in northeast Iowa. Dubuque County ~~houses~~ eight of those partner sites, including five in Dubuque: the [[DUBUQUE MUSEUM OF ART]], the Four Mounds Inn & Conference Center, the Mathias [[HAM HOUSE]] Historic Site, [[MINES OF SPAIN STATE RECREATIONAL AREA]], and the [[NATIONAL MISSISSIPPI RIVER MUSEUM AND AQUARIUM]]. Other partner sites in Dubuque County are the National Farm Toy Museum in Dyersville, Park Farm Winery in Bankston, and the Black Horse Inn in Sherrill.		Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area was created to preserve and present the story of American agriculture -- past, present and future. SSNHA had 119 partner sites throughout its 37-county region in northeast Iowa. Dubuque County housed eight of those partner sites, including five in Dubuque: the [[DUBUQUE MUSEUM OF ART]], the Four Mounds Inn & Conference Center, the Mathias [[HAM HOUSE]] Historic Site, [[MINES OF SPAIN STATE RECREATIONAL AREA]], and the [[NATIONAL MISSISSIPPI RIVER MUSEUM AND AQUARIUM]]. Other partner sites in Dubuque County are the National Farm Toy Museum in Dyersville, Park Farm Winery in Bankston, and the Black Horse Inn in Sherrill.

	As early as 2004 Olson had begun reporting on activities associated with Four Mounds. As the Executive Director of the Four Mounds Foundation, she requested that the City sign an owner consent form for a grant application to the State Historical Society of Iowa. The grant would provide funding to restore the structurally damaged Porte Conchere at the Grey House. (2) In 2008 a feature article in the ''Telegraph Herald'' noted Four Mounds participation in the [[HEART PROGRAM]] for at-risk youth. (3) As a result of renovation at Four Mounds, Olson and the Four Mounds Foundation with the Dubuque Metropolitan Solid Waste Agency trained local construction companies and established a network of sources interested and capable of making use of renewable and recyclable materials. (4) She directed a $500,000 renovation project in 2010 of the White House at Four Mounds ~~into~~ a ten-room bed-and-breakfast inn. (5) In 2011 given her in-depth familiarity with the "gentlemen's farm" of Four Mounds, she was involved in the "Good for the Earth, Good for Us" seminar. Her focus was on the difference between eating local versus a reliance on the 'industrial' food system. (6)		As early as 2004 Olson had begun reporting on activities associated with Four Mounds. As the Executive Director of the Four Mounds Foundation, she requested that the City sign an owner consent form for a grant application to the State Historical Society of Iowa. The grant would provide funding to restore the structurally damaged Porte Conchere at the Grey House. (1) In 2008 a feature article in the ''Telegraph Herald'' noted Four Mounds participation in the [[HEART PROGRAM]] for at-risk youth. (2) As a result of renovation at Four Mounds, Olson and the Four Mounds Foundation with the Dubuque Metropolitan Solid Waste Agency trained local construction companies and established a network of sources interested and capable of making use of renewable and recyclable materials. (3) She directed a $500,000 renovation project in 2010 of the White House at Four Mounds creating a ten-room bed-and-breakfast inn. (4) In 2011 given her in-depth familiarity with the "gentlemen's farm" of Four Mounds, she was involved in the "Good for the Earth, Good for Us" seminar. Her focus was on the difference between eating local versus a reliance on the 'industrial' food system. (5)

	In 2013 as a volunteer on the [[OLD HOUSE ENTHUSIASTS' CLUB]] tour committee, ~~she~~ was involved in the first year the popular tour moved its focus from many popular homes to its first tour of buildings in the Millwork District. The tour raised an estimated $7,400 for the group's grant program which supported preservation and history education projects in Dubuque. (7)		In 2013 as a volunteer on the [[OLD HOUSE ENTHUSIASTS' CLUB]] tour committee, Olson was involved in the first year the popular tour moved its focus from many popular homes to its first tour of buildings in the Millwork District. The tour raised an estimated $7,400 for the group's grant program which supported preservation and history education projects in Dubuque. (6)

	The Four Mounds Foundation led by Olson in 2018 received an annually available $200,000 Resource Enhancement and Protection grant from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources to return Four Mounds to its natural oak savanna landscape. The restoration would reverse generations of ~~spreading~~ species including maple trees which ~~discourage~~ the growth of natural oak savannas. (8)		The Four Mounds Foundation led by Olson in 2018 received an annually available $200,000 Resource Enhancement and Protection grant from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources to return Four Mounds to its natural oak savanna landscape. The restoration would reverse generations of invasive plant species including maple trees which discouraged the growth of natural oak savannas. (7)

	~~As the assistant planner for~~ the City, Christine Olson ~~announced in 2021 the African American Reconnaissance Survey as one of several projects in the Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission's 2021 work plan. The survey was~~ to ~~be an effort by~~ the ~~city to examine and catalog the history and influence~~ of ~~[[AFRICAN AMERICANS]] in Dubuque neighborhoods. The survey would gather information detailing~~ the ~~rise~~ and ~~decline of Black populations in Dubuque over decades. It was hoped that elements of Dubuque neighborhoods with African American influence could be preserved~~. (9)		In 2019 officials of the City of Dubuque named Christine Happ Olson to the board of Trustees for the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area (SSNHA). (8)

	~~Buildings~~ designed by [[CALDWELL, Alfred\|Alfred CALDWELL]] in [[EAGLE POINT PARK]] were the focus of a historic structures report detailing needed repairs and preservation strategies ~~announced in June of 2024~~. City assistant planner Olson declared that the buildings were uniquely designed for the specific landscape in which they were built. The report ~~would examine~~ such features as the finishes used, types of mortar, and ~~include~~ the assessments and drawings of each structure with accompanying plans for preservation and cost estimates. The report's authors included a group of city employees, local architect Jeff Morton, an Illinois-based architecture firm, and consultants from the local nonprofit, [[HERITAGE WORKS]]. Funding for the project included $75,000 from the City of Dubuque and a $50,000 grant from the Wisconsin-based Jeffris Family Foundation. Upon acceptance by the city, Olson expected to petition the Jeffris Foundation for an additional $1 million to pay for restoration. (10)		As the assistant planner for the City, Christine Olson announced in 2021 the African American Reconnaissance Survey as one of several projects in the Dubuque Historic Preservation Commission's 2021 work plan. The survey was an effort by the city to examine and catalog the history and influence of [[AFRICAN AMERICANS]] in Dubuque neighborhoods. The survey gathered information detailing the rise and decline of Black populations in Dubuque over decades. It was hoped that elements of Dubuque neighborhoods with African American influence could be preserved. (9)

			In June of 2024, buildings designed by [[CALDWELL, Alfred\|Alfred CALDWELL]] in [[EAGLE POINT PARK]] were the focus of a historic structures report detailing needed repairs and preservation strategies. City assistant planner Olson declared that the buildings were uniquely designed for the specific landscape in which they were built. The report examined such features as the finishes used, types of mortar, and included the assessments and drawings of each structure with accompanying plans for preservation and cost estimates. The report's authors included a group of city employees, local architect Jeff Morton, an Illinois-based architecture firm, and consultants from the local nonprofit, [[HERITAGE WORKS]]. Funding for the project included $75,000 from the City of Dubuque and a $50,000 grant from the Wisconsin-based Jeffris Family Foundation. Upon acceptance by the city, Olson expected to petition the Jeffris Foundation for an additional $1 million to pay for restoration. (10)

	---		---
Line 17:		Line 19:
	Sources:		Sources:

	1. ~~"Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area Announces New Trustee from Dubuque~~,~~" City of Dubuque News Release~~, ~~2019~~		1. Legal Notices, ''Telegraph Herald,'' January 1, 2004, p. 27

	2. ~~Legal Notices~~, ''Telegraph Herald,'' ~~January 1~~, ~~2004~~, p. 27		2. Schmitt, Michael, "Places of the Heart," ''Telegraph Herald'', November 9, 2008, p. 10A

	3. ~~Schmitt~~, ~~Michael~~, "~~Places of the Heart~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~November 9~~, ~~2008~~, p. ~~10A~~		3. Piper, Andy, "Groups Promote Construction Salvage," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 16, 2009, p. 1

	4. ~~Piper~~, ~~Andy~~, "~~Groups Promote Construction Salvage~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 16, ~~2009~~, p. 1		4. Hogstrom, Erik, "Four Mounds Undergoing Renovation," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 5, 2010, p. 3

	5. ~~Hogstrom~~, ~~Erik~~, "~~Four Mounds Undergoing Renovation,~~" ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~May 5~~, ~~2010~~, p. 3		5. Piper, Andy, "Why is Local Food Important?" ''Telegraph Herald'', April 20, 2011, p. 5

	6. ~~Piper~~, ~~Andy~~, "~~Why is Local Food Important?~~" ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~April 20~~, ~~2011~~, p. 5		6. Munger, Amanda, "New-Look Old House Tour Draws Big Crowds Downtown," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 21, 2013, p. 13

	7. ~~Munger~~, ~~Amanda~~, "~~New-Look Old House Tour Draws Big Crowds Downtown~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~May 21, 2013~~, p. 13		7. Fisher, Benjamin, "Four Mounds Eyes Return to Natural Beauty," ''Telegraph Herald,'' October 28, 2018, p. 17

	8. ~~Fisher, Benjamin,~~ "~~Four Mounds Eyes Return to Natural Beauty~~," ~~''Telegraph Herald,'' October 28, 2018~~, ~~p. 17~~		8. "Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area Announces New Trustee from Dubuque," City of Dubuque News Release, 2019

	9. Kruse, John, "Commission Aims to Survey Local African American History," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 2021, p. 5		9. Kruse, John, "Commission Aims to Survey Local African American History," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 2021, p. 5

Welcome

Randylyon — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 17:58:28 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 1 April 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	In many instances, photographs come to us that are in need of technical work so that they may be usable. In these instances, we have turned repeatedly to [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]] whose knowledge in "all things computer" is vast. We owe him our immense gratitude for allowing many priceless photographs to charm our pages.		In many instances, photographs come to us that are in need of technical work so that they may be usable. In these instances, we have turned repeatedly to [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]] whose knowledge in "all things computer" is vast. We owe him our immense gratitude for allowing many priceless photographs to charm our pages.

	Special appreciation for contributions goes to [[REDING, Robert Joseph\|Robert Joseph REDING]], former owner of Bob's Antiques and Collectibles of Dubuque; Ellen West; Amy Sunleaf and the Lawrence Van Hook chapter of the D.A.R., John Hansel; Pam Kauzlarich. Steve Repp; Tom Sigwarth; Gerda Preston Hartman; Josephine Shea--Library Company of Philadelphia; Kathy Bower, National Senior Vice President-National Woman's Relief Corps; [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]]; Dave Arnold; Dan Konig; Mike Brooke; Dan Mcallister; Dr. Sheila McGinn; Mike Miller; [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]]; David Vanderah; Taylor Kellogg; Pamela Brandt; Jim Winter; Janet Lobianco; Heidi Pettitt; Christine Happ ~~Olson~~; Tricia Baum; Brigid Berger; Andrew M. Harvey; Mantea Schmid; Carl Ingwalson; David J. Pilmaier; Gary L. Gansemer; Mike Avitt; [[GRANT, Raphael (Ray)\|Raphael (Ray) GRANT]]; Dr. Kristin Anderson-Bricker: Brice Nagelmaker: Rachel Harpham: Jeanne Kopf; Daniel Boland; Mac Kolar; David Ryan; James T. Yardley: Brother Xavier Werneth, S. C.; Earl Lester; Alex Wehrspann; Richard Vorwald; Michael Day; Kendall C. Day Family Collection; James Cox; Michelle Oberhoffer; Susan Bazelides; Dr. Brian Link; Susan Henricks, Director--Carnegie-Stout Public Library; Brad McGowan; Jeff Schroeder; Katherine Sullivan; Robert Willman; Gabrielle Martin; Robert Bonson; Dr. Darryl and Terry Mozena; [[HEMMER, Paul\|Paul HEMMER]]; William Deibel; [[FRIEDMAN, Lawrence (Larry)\|Lawrence (Larry) FRIEDMAN]]; Jim Massey; Bradley and Diane Chalmers; Joseph Jacobsmeier; Ken Kozak; Richard E. Dunbar; Ken Tully; Chee Wang Ng; Donald R. Kunz; Kenneth J. Arthofer; Paul Lembke; Gerald C. Gordon; Nelson Klavitter; Lyn Klavitter Jungblut; Sandy Massey-Meyer; Timothy Ahlgrim; [[SCHARNAU, Ralph\|Ralph SCHARNAU]]; John Hohnecker; William K. Hammel; Mike Larkin; Joe Schallan; Bob Johnsen; [[SHAFFER, James\|James SHAFFER]]; Neal Sprenglemeyer; [[COOPER, Brian E.\|Brian E. COOPER]]; [[GILLIGAN, Amy\|Amy GILLIGAN]] and the ''Telegraph Herald;'' Craig Nowack for videos; [[CENTER FOR DUBUQUE HISTORY]] at [[LORAS COLLEGE]]; and Paul Beck and the Murphy Library Special Collections, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.		Special appreciation for contributions goes to [[REDING, Robert Joseph\|Robert Joseph REDING]], former owner of Bob's Antiques and Collectibles of Dubuque; Ellen West; Amy Sunleaf and the Lawrence Van Hook chapter of the D.A.R., John Hansel; Pam Kauzlarich. Steve Repp; Tom Sigwarth; Gerda Preston Hartman; Josephine Shea--Library Company of Philadelphia; Kathy Bower, National Senior Vice President-National Woman's Relief Corps; [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]]; Dave Arnold; Dan Konig; Mike Brooke; Dan Mcallister; Dr. Sheila McGinn; Mike Miller; [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]]; David Vanderah; Taylor Kellogg; Pamela Brandt; Jim Winter; Janet Lobianco; Heidi Pettitt; [[OLSON, Christine Happ\|Christine Happ OLSON]]; Tricia Baum; Brigid Berger; Andrew M. Harvey; Mantea Schmid; Carl Ingwalson; David J. Pilmaier; Gary L. Gansemer; Mike Avitt; [[GRANT, Raphael (Ray)\|Raphael (Ray) GRANT]]; Dr. Kristin Anderson-Bricker: Brice Nagelmaker: Rachel Harpham: Jeanne Kopf; Daniel Boland; Mac Kolar; David Ryan; James T. Yardley: Brother Xavier Werneth, S. C.; Earl Lester; Alex Wehrspann; Richard Vorwald; Michael Day; Kendall C. Day Family Collection; James Cox; Michelle Oberhoffer; Susan Bazelides; Dr. Brian Link; Susan Henricks, Director--Carnegie-Stout Public Library; Brad McGowan; Jeff Schroeder; Katherine Sullivan; Robert Willman; Gabrielle Martin; Robert Bonson; Dr. Darryl and Terry Mozena; [[HEMMER, Paul\|Paul HEMMER]]; William Deibel; [[FRIEDMAN, Lawrence (Larry)\|Lawrence (Larry) FRIEDMAN]]; Jim Massey; Bradley and Diane Chalmers; Joseph Jacobsmeier; Ken Kozak; Richard E. Dunbar; Ken Tully; Chee Wang Ng; Donald R. Kunz; Kenneth J. Arthofer; Paul Lembke; Gerald C. Gordon; Nelson Klavitter; Lyn Klavitter Jungblut; Sandy Massey-Meyer; Timothy Ahlgrim; [[SCHARNAU, Ralph\|Ralph SCHARNAU]]; John Hohnecker; William K. Hammel; Mike Larkin; Joe Schallan; Bob Johnsen; [[SHAFFER, James\|James SHAFFER]]; Neal Sprenglemeyer; [[COOPER, Brian E.\|Brian E. COOPER]]; [[GILLIGAN, Amy\|Amy GILLIGAN]] and the ''Telegraph Herald;'' Craig Nowack for videos; [[CENTER FOR DUBUQUE HISTORY]] at [[LORAS COLLEGE]]; and Paul Beck and the Murphy Library Special Collections, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.

	Extensive research, material, and editing has been provided by Judith K. Schwartz, Tom Larson, Andrea Wallis Aven, Jeff Gruber, Carole and Paul Porter, Michael Spautz, Richard G. Bridges, Catherine Page, [[FISCHER, Katherine\|Katherine FISCHER]], [[KLAUER, John P.\|John P. KLAUER]], Diane Harris, Ryan Larson, [[PREGLER, John T.\|John T. PREGLER]], and [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]].		Extensive research, material, and editing has been provided by Judith K. Schwartz, Tom Larson, Andrea Wallis Aven, Jeff Gruber, Carole and Paul Porter, Michael Spautz, Richard G. Bridges, Catherine Page, [[FISCHER, Katherine\|Katherine FISCHER]], [[KLAUER, John P.\|John P. KLAUER]], Diane Harris, Ryan Larson, [[PREGLER, John T.\|John T. PREGLER]], and [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]].

FIRST CHURCH

Randylyon — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 17:52:28 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 1 April 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	FIRST CHURCH. Barton Randall order a church to be constructed in 1834. It was to be 20 by 26 feet, one story high, and have the spaces between the logs filled with mortar and lime. Further specifications called by two windows and a batten door with boards running the entire length of the door secured by narrow strips nailed crosswise.		FIRST CHURCH. Barton Randall order a church to be constructed in 1834. It was to be 20 by 26 feet, one story high, and have the spaces between the logs filled with mortar and lime. Further specifications called by two windows and a batten door with boards running the entire length of the door secured by narrow strips nailed crosswise.

	The building took four weeks to complete and there was then an immediate two-day service ~~was~~ held. Twelve people joined the Methodist congregation. (1) The building which stood at the southeast corner of the Washington Square also served as a court and a schoolhouse. Washington Square, later was renamed [[WASHINGTON PARK]]. (2)		The building took four weeks to complete and there was then an immediate two-day service held. Twelve people joined the Methodist congregation. (1) The building which stood at the southeast corner of the Washington Square also served as a court and a schoolhouse. Washington Square, later was renamed [[WASHINGTON PARK]]. (2)

	---		---

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 1 April 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	In many instances, photographs come to us that are in need of technical work so that they may be usable. In these instances, we have turned repeatedly to [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]] whose knowledge in "all things computer" is vast. We owe him our immense gratitude for allowing many priceless photographs to charm our pages.		In many instances, photographs come to us that are in need of technical work so that they may be usable. In these instances, we have turned repeatedly to [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]] whose knowledge in "all things computer" is vast. We owe him our immense gratitude for allowing many priceless photographs to charm our pages.

	Special appreciation for contributions goes to [[REDING, Robert Joseph\|Robert Joseph REDING]], former owner of Bob's Antiques and Collectibles of Dubuque; Ellen West; Amy Sunleaf and the Lawrence Van Hook chapter of the D.A.R., John Hansel; Pam Kauzlarich. Steve Repp; Tom Sigwarth; Gerda Preston Hartman; Josephine Shea--Library Company of Philadelphia; Kathy Bower, National Senior Vice President-National Woman's Relief Corps; [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]]; Dave Arnold; Dan Konig; Mike Brooke; Dan Mcallister; Dr. Sheila McGinn; Mike Miller; [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]]; David Vanderah; Taylor Kellogg; Pamela Brandt; Jim Winter; Janet Lobianco; Heidi Pettitt; Christine Happ ~~Olson~~; Tricia Baum; Brigid Berger; Andrew M. Harvey; Mantea Schmid; Carl Ingwalson; David J. Pilmaier; Gary L. Gansemer; Mike Avitt; [[GRANT, Raphael (Ray)\|Raphael (Ray) GRANT]]; Dr. Kristin Anderson-Bricker: Brice Nagelmaker: Rachel Harpham: Jeanne Kopf; Daniel Boland; Mac Kolar; David Ryan; James T. Yardley: Brother Xavier Werneth, S. C.; Earl Lester; Alex Wehrspann; Richard Vorwald; Michael Day; Kendall C. Day Family Collection; James Cox; Michelle Oberhoffer; Susan Bazelides; Dr. Brian Link; Susan Henricks, Director--Carnegie-Stout Public Library; Brad McGowan; Jeff Schroeder; Katherine Sullivan; Robert Willman; Gabrielle Martin; Robert Bonson; Dr. Darryl and Terry Mozena; [[HEMMER, Paul\|Paul HEMMER]]; William Deibel; [[FRIEDMAN, Lawrence (Larry)\|Lawrence (Larry) FRIEDMAN]]; Jim Massey; Bradley and Diane Chalmers; Joseph Jacobsmeier; Ken Kozak; Richard E. Dunbar; Ken Tully; Chee Wang Ng; Donald R. Kunz; Kenneth J. Arthofer; Paul Lembke; Gerald C. Gordon; Nelson Klavitter; Lyn Klavitter Jungblut; Sandy Massey-Meyer; Timothy Ahlgrim; [[SCHARNAU, Ralph\|Ralph SCHARNAU]]; John Hohnecker; William K. Hammel; Mike Larkin; Joe Schallan; Bob Johnsen; [[SHAFFER, James\|James SHAFFER]]; Neal Sprenglemeyer; [[COOPER, Brian E.\|Brian E. COOPER]]; [[GILLIGAN, Amy\|Amy GILLIGAN]] and the ''Telegraph Herald;'' Craig Nowack for videos; [[CENTER FOR DUBUQUE HISTORY]] at [[LORAS COLLEGE]]; and Paul Beck and the Murphy Library Special Collections, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.		Special appreciation for contributions goes to [[REDING, Robert Joseph\|Robert Joseph REDING]], former owner of Bob's Antiques and Collectibles of Dubuque; Ellen West; Amy Sunleaf and the Lawrence Van Hook chapter of the D.A.R., John Hansel; Pam Kauzlarich. Steve Repp; Tom Sigwarth; Gerda Preston Hartman; Josephine Shea--Library Company of Philadelphia; Kathy Bower, National Senior Vice President-National Woman's Relief Corps; [[HOELSCHER, Larry\|Larry HOELSCHER]]; Dave Arnold; Dan Konig; Mike Brooke; Dan Mcallister; Dr. Sheila McGinn; Mike Miller; [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]]; David Vanderah; Taylor Kellogg; Pamela Brandt; Jim Winter; Janet Lobianco; Heidi Pettitt; [[OLSON, Christine Happ\|Christine Happ OLSON]]; Tricia Baum; Brigid Berger; Andrew M. Harvey; Mantea Schmid; Carl Ingwalson; David J. Pilmaier; Gary L. Gansemer; Mike Avitt; [[GRANT, Raphael (Ray)\|Raphael (Ray) GRANT]]; Dr. Kristin Anderson-Bricker: Brice Nagelmaker: Rachel Harpham: Jeanne Kopf; Daniel Boland; Mac Kolar; David Ryan; James T. Yardley: Brother Xavier Werneth, S. C.; Earl Lester; Alex Wehrspann; Richard Vorwald; Michael Day; Kendall C. Day Family Collection; James Cox; Michelle Oberhoffer; Susan Bazelides; Dr. Brian Link; Susan Henricks, Director--Carnegie-Stout Public Library; Brad McGowan; Jeff Schroeder; Katherine Sullivan; Robert Willman; Gabrielle Martin; Robert Bonson; Dr. Darryl and Terry Mozena; [[HEMMER, Paul\|Paul HEMMER]]; William Deibel; [[FRIEDMAN, Lawrence (Larry)\|Lawrence (Larry) FRIEDMAN]]; Jim Massey; Bradley and Diane Chalmers; Joseph Jacobsmeier; Ken Kozak; Richard E. Dunbar; Ken Tully; Chee Wang Ng; Donald R. Kunz; Kenneth J. Arthofer; Paul Lembke; Gerald C. Gordon; Nelson Klavitter; Lyn Klavitter Jungblut; Sandy Massey-Meyer; Timothy Ahlgrim; [[SCHARNAU, Ralph\|Ralph SCHARNAU]]; John Hohnecker; William K. Hammel; Mike Larkin; Joe Schallan; Bob Johnsen; [[SHAFFER, James\|James SHAFFER]]; Neal Sprenglemeyer; [[COOPER, Brian E.\|Brian E. COOPER]]; [[GILLIGAN, Amy\|Amy GILLIGAN]] and the ''Telegraph Herald;'' Craig Nowack for videos; [[CENTER FOR DUBUQUE HISTORY]] at [[LORAS COLLEGE]]; and Paul Beck and the Murphy Library Special Collections, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.

	Extensive research, material, and editing has been provided by Judith K. Schwartz, Tom Larson, Andrea Wallis Aven, Jeff Gruber, Carole and Paul Porter, Michael Spautz, Richard G. Bridges, Catherine Page, [[FISCHER, Katherine\|Katherine FISCHER]], [[KLAUER, John P.\|John P. KLAUER]], Diane Harris, Ryan Larson, [[PREGLER, John T.\|John T. PREGLER]], and [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]].		Extensive research, material, and editing has been provided by Judith K. Schwartz, Tom Larson, Andrea Wallis Aven, Jeff Gruber, Carole and Paul Porter, Michael Spautz, Richard G. Bridges, Catherine Page, [[FISCHER, Katherine\|Katherine FISCHER]], [[KLAUER, John P.\|John P. KLAUER]], Diane Harris, Ryan Larson, [[PREGLER, John T.\|John T. PREGLER]], and [[LEWIS, Paul W.\|Paul W. LEWIS]].